js实现继承的几种方式

1. 原型链继承

   // 原型链的继承
   function Person() {
       this.hobby = {
           sing: '小星星'
       }
   }
   
   function Man() {
   
   }
   Man.prototype = new Person()
   Man.prototype.constructor = Man
   
   const  man1= new Man()
   const man2 = new Man()
   man2.hobby.sing = '两只老虎'
   console.log(man1.hobby.sing);//两只老虎
   console.log(man2.hobby.sing);//两只老虎
   // 缺点:
   // 1、父类属性赋值给子类的原型属性,此时父类属性属于共享属性
   // 2、子类实例化时无法向父类传参
   
   //解决办法:构造函数继承

2. 构造函数继承

   // 构造函数继承
   function Person() {
       this.hobby = {
           sing: '小星星'
       }
   }
   
   function Man(arg) {
       Person.call(this, arg)
   }
   
   const man1 = new Man()
   const man2 = new Man()
   man2.hobby.sing='两只老虎'
   console.log(man1.hobby.sing);
   console.log(man2.hobby.sing);
   
   //缺点:原型链上的方法无法被继承
   
   //解决办法:组合式继承

3. 组合式继承

   // 组合式继承
   function Person() {
       this.hobby = {
           sing: '小星星'
       }
   }
   
   function Man(arg) {
       Person.call(this, arg)
   }
   
   Man.prototype = new Person()
   Man.prototype.constructor = Man
   
   const man1 = new Man()
   const man2 = new Man()
   man2.hobby.sing='两只老虎'
   console.log(man1.hobby.sing);
   console.log(man2.hobby.sing);
   //缺点:会调用两次父类的构造函数
   //解决办法:寄生组合式继承

4. 寄生组合继承

   //寄生组合式继承
   function Person() {
       this.hobby = {
           sing: '小星星'
       }
   }
   
   function Man(arg) {
       Person.call(this, arg)
   }
   
   Man.prototype = Object.creat(Person.prototype)
   Man.prototype.constructor = Man
   
   const man1 = new Man()
   const man2 = new Man()
   man2.hobby.sing='两只老虎'
   console.log(man1.hobby.sing);
   console.log(man2.hobby.sing);

5. 多重继承

   // 多重继承
   function Person() {
       this.hobby = {
           sing: '小星星'
       }
   }
   
   function Father() {
       this.sex = '男'
   }
   
   function Child(arg) {
       Person.call(this, arg)
       Father.call(this, arg)
   }
   Child.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype)
   Object.assign(Child.prototype, Father.prototype)
   Child.prototype.constructor=Child
   
   const child1 = new Child()
   const child2 = new Child()
   child2.hobby.sing='两只老虎'
   console.log(child1.hobby.sing);
   console.log(child2.hobby.sing);