昨日回顾
1 前端手机号验证码登录,发送短信功能,校验手机号是否存在,手机号短信注册功能
2 redis:非关系型数据库,nosql,缓存数据库,数据存在内存在,存取很快,可持久化
3 6.x:多线程多进程
4 redis软件+redis客户端
5 启动
# redis-server 配置文件
# win:在服务中启动
6 客户端连接
-redis-cli
-图形化客户都
-py连接
7 使用py操作
-基本连接
-连接池
8 5大数据类型:字符串,hash(字典),列表
9 其他操作
10 管道
11 django中集成
-通用:适用于所有框架
-django-redis
今日内容
1 celery介绍和架构
# celery:芹菜,分布式的异步任务框架
# celery能干什么:异步任务,延迟任务,定时任务
异步执行:解决耗时任务,将耗时操作任务提交给Celery去异步执行,比如发送短信/邮件、消息推送、音视频处理等等、
延迟执行:解决延迟任务
定时执行:解决周期(周期)任务,比如每天数据统计
"""
1)可以不依赖任何服务器,通过自身命令,启动服务
2)celery服务为为其他项目服务提供异步解决任务需求的
注:会有两个服务同时运行,一个是项目服务,一个是celery服务,项目服务将需要异步处理的任务交给celery服务,celery就会在需要时异步完成项目的需求
人是一个独立运行的服务 | 医院也是一个独立运行的服务
正常情况下,人可以完成所有健康情况的动作,不需要医院的参与;但当人生病时,就会被医院接收,解决人生病问题
人生病的处理方案交给医院来解决,所有人不生病时,医院独立运行,人生病时,医院就来解决人生病的需求
"""
Celery is a project with minimal funding, so we don’t support Microsoft Windows. Please don’t open any issues related to that platform
Sanic:python3.5以上,不支持win
-选择使用mac开发
-装乌班图
-win远程连接linux开发
uwgi(不支持win)+django
1.1 架构
# 消息中间件(broker)
Celery本身不提供消息服务,但是可以方便的和第三方提供的消息中间件集成。包括, Redis等等
# 任务执行单元(workers)
Worker是Celery提供的任务执行的单元,worker并发的运行在分布式的系统节点中(本质,一个work就是一个进程)。
# 任务结果存储(backend)
Task result store用来存储Worker执行的任务的结果,Celery支持以不同方式存储任务的结果,包括 redis等
2 celery基本使用
# 安装:pip install celery
# win上启动work
# 4.x版本及之前
pip install eventlet
celery worker -A celery_task -l info -P eventlet
# 5.x版本
pip install eventlet
celery -A celery_task worker -l info -P eventlet
# linux中启动work
celery worker -A celery_task -l info
celery -A celery_task worker -l info
# 启动beat的命令(负责每隔几秒钟,向任务队列中提交任务)
celery beat -A celery_task -l info
2.1 普通使用
新建celery_task.py
from celery import Celery
backend='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1' # 结果存储
broker='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2' # 消息中间件
app=Celery('test',broker=broker,backend=backend) # 传一个字符串,相当于名字
@app.task
def add(a,b): # 很耗时的任务
import time
time.sleep(3)
return a+b
新建add_task.py添加任务
from celery_task import add
# res=add(1,2) # 同步调用
res=add.delay(3,4) # 把任务提交到redis,返回要给uuid:b20f827d-dcf5-4fdf-a646-5abb963dc1d3
print(res)
新建get_result.py查询任务
from celery_task import app # 自己写的app
from celery.result import AsyncResult # celery模块下的
id = 'b20f827d-dcf5-4fdf-a646-5abb963dc1d3'
if __name__ == '__main__':
a = AsyncResult(id=id, app=app)
if a.successful():
result = a.get() # task中return的数据:7
print(result)
elif a.failed():
print('任务失败')
elif a.status == 'PENDING':
print('任务等待中被执行')
elif a.status == 'RETRY':
print('任务异常后正在重试')
elif a.status == 'STARTED':
print('任务已经开始被执行')
启动worker
# win
pip install eventlet
celery -A celery_task worker -l info -P eventlet
# linux中启动work
celery -A celery_task worker -l info
2.2 包结构
celery_task # 包名
__init__.py # 任务存放路径
user_task.py # 任务存放路径
order_task.py # 任务存放路径
home_task.py # 任务存放路径
celery.py # app所在文件,必须叫celery
celery.py
### 有app的这个py文件,必须叫celery
from celery import Celery
backend = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1' # 结果存储
broker = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2' # 消息中间件
app = Celery('test', broker=broker, backend=backend, include=[
'celery_task.home_task',
'celery_task.order_task',
'celery_task.user_task'
])
# 定制定时任务
# 时区(修改时区)
print(app.conf)
app.conf.timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
# 是否使用UTC
app.conf.enable_utc = False
# 任务的定时配置
from datetime import timedelta
from celery.schedules import crontab
app.conf.beat_schedule = {
'send_sms_5': {
'task': 'celery_task.user_task.send_sms', # 要执行的任务
'schedule': timedelta(seconds=5),
# 'schedule': crontab(hour=8, day_of_week=1), # 每周一早八点
'args': (189533333,),
},
'add_3': {
'task': 'celery_task.home_task.add', # 要执行的任务
'schedule': timedelta(seconds=3),
# 'schedule': crontab(hour=8, day_of_week=1), # 每周一早八点
'args': (6,8),
}
}
home_task.py
from .celery import app
@app.task # home模块的任务
def add(a,b):
return a+b
order_task.py
from .celery import app
@app.task # order模块的任务,写文件任务
def write_file(s):
with open(r'D:\lqz2\luffy_api\log\a.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(s)
return True
user_task.py
from .celery import app
@app.task # user模块的任务,发送带内心
def send_sms(s):
import time
time.sleep(3)
return '%s手机号,短信发送成功'%s
3 celery执行异步任务,延迟任务,定时任务
3.1 异步任务
from celery_task.user_task import send_sms
res=send_sms.delay('18953675221')
print(res)
3.2 延迟任务
# 延迟任务,延迟5s钟后,发送短信
from celery_task.user_task import send_sms
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
# print(datetime.utcnow()+timedelta(seconds=10)) # 打印出当前utc时间
eta=datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(seconds=10) # 当前utc时间,往后推10s,时间对象
# # args是列表,send_sms的参数,eta是延迟时间,时间对象
res=send_sms.apply_async(args=['1888888',],eta=eta)
print(res)
3.3定时任务
# 在celery.py中写
# 启动beat
celery beat -A celery_task -l info
4 django中使用celery
# django-celery模块,年久失修
-django-celery
-django
-celery
# 自己集成(跟框架无关)
5 首页轮播图接口加入缓存
1 如果mysql数据变化了,轮播图表数据变化了,由于缓存没有更新,就会出现问题
2 双写一致性问题
-因为使用了缓存,mysql和redis的数据不一致了
-如果解决:(缓存更新策略)
-加入过期时间? 60s? 过期时间内数据还有问题
-定时更新缓存(每隔60s,更新一下缓存)
-数据库一更改,立马改缓存
-先改数据库,再改缓存
-先改缓存,再改数据库
-数据库一改,删除缓存
-先删缓存,再改数据库
-先改数据库,再删缓存(稍微好一些)
3 首页轮播图接口:缓存更新策略是定时更新
-celery的定时任务
-使用celery的定时任务,完成首页轮播图缓存的更新
5 课程功能表分析
# 有免费课,实战课,轻课程。。。
# 只写实战课
-课程分类
-实战课表
-老师表
-章节表
-课时表
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
from luffy_api.utils.model import BaseModel
#### 课程分类
class CourseCategory(BaseModel):
"""分类"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=64, unique=True, verbose_name="分类名称")
class Meta:
db_table = "luffy_course_category"
verbose_name = "分类"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return "%s" % self.name
####实战课表
class Course(BaseModel):
"""课程"""
course_type = (
(0, '付费'),
(1, 'VIP专享'),
(2, '学位课程')
)
level_choices = (
(0, '初级'),
(1, '中级'),
(2, '高级'),
)
status_choices = (
(0, '上线'),
(1, '下线'),
(2, '预上线'),
)
name = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="课程名称")
course_img = models.ImageField(upload_to="courses", max_length=255, verbose_name="封面图片", blank=True, null=True)
course_type = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=course_type, default=0, verbose_name="付费类型")
# 使用这个字段的原因
brief = models.TextField(max_length=2048, verbose_name="详情介绍", null=True, blank=True)
level = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=level_choices, default=0, verbose_name="难度等级")
pub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="发布日期", auto_now_add=True)
period = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="建议学习周期(day)", default=7)
attachment_path = models.FileField(upload_to="attachment", max_length=128, verbose_name="课件路径", blank=True, null=True)
status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=status_choices, default=0, verbose_name="课程状态")
students = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="学习人数", default=0) # 正常来讲,没有这个字段,应该跟User表关联
sections = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="总课时数量", default=0)
pub_sections = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="课时更新数量", default=0)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=6, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="课程原价", default=0)
###### 关联字段
teacher = models.ForeignKey("Teacher", on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="授课老师")
# db_constraint=False 表示断开关联,就不会有外键关联,但是连表查询还能正常使用
course_category = models.ForeignKey("CourseCategory", on_delete=models.SET_NULL, db_constraint=False, null=True,
blank=True,
verbose_name="课程分类")
class Meta:
db_table = "luffy_course"
verbose_name = "课程"
verbose_name_plural = "课程"
def __str__(self):
return "%s" % self.name
###老师表
class Teacher(BaseModel):
"""导师"""
role_choices = (
(0, '讲师'),
(1, '导师'),
(2, '班主任'),
)
name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="导师名")
role = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=role_choices, default=0, verbose_name="导师身份")
title = models.CharField(max_length=64, verbose_name="职位、职称")
signature = models.CharField(max_length=255, verbose_name="导师签名", help_text="导师签名", blank=True, null=True)
image = models.ImageField(upload_to="teacher", null=True, verbose_name="导师封面")
brief = models.TextField(max_length=1024, verbose_name="导师描述")
class Meta:
db_table = "luffy_teacher"
verbose_name = "导师"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return "%s" % self.name
####章节表
class CourseChapter(BaseModel):
"""章节"""
course = models.ForeignKey("Course", related_name='coursechapters', on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="课程名称")
chapter = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="第几章", default=1)
name = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="章节标题")
summary = models.TextField(verbose_name="章节介绍", blank=True, null=True)
pub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="发布日期", auto_now_add=True)
class Meta:
db_table = "luffy_course_chapter"
verbose_name = "章节"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return "%s:(第%s章)%s" % (self.course, self.chapter, self.name)
###课时表
class CourseSection(BaseModel):
"""课时"""
section_type_choices = (
(0, '文档'),
(1, '练习'),
(2, '视频')
)
chapter = models.ForeignKey("CourseChapter", related_name='coursesections', on_delete=models.CASCADE,
verbose_name="课程章节")
name = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="课时标题")
orders = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(verbose_name="课时排序")
section_type = models.SmallIntegerField(default=2, choices=section_type_choices, verbose_name="课时种类")
section_link = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name="课时链接",
help_text="若是video,填vid,若是文档,填link")
duration = models.CharField(verbose_name="视频时长", blank=True, null=True, max_length=32) # 仅在前端展示使用
pub_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="发布时间", auto_now_add=True)
free_trail = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="是否可试看", default=False)
class Meta:
db_table = "luffy_course_Section"
verbose_name = "课时"
verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
def __str__(self):
return "%s-%s" % (self.chapter, self.name)
-- 老师表
INSERT INTO luffy_teacher(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, role, title, signature, image, brief) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:44:19.661327', '2019-07-14 13:46:54.246271', 'Alex', 1, '老男孩Python教学总监', '金角大王', 'teacher/alex_icon.png', '老男孩教育CTO & CO-FOUNDER 国内知名PYTHON语言推广者 51CTO学院2016\2017年度最受学员喜爱10大讲师之一 多款开源软件作者 曾任职公安部、飞信、中金公司、NOKIA中国研究院、华尔街英语、ADVENT、汽车之家等公司');
INSERT INTO luffy_teacher(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, role, title, signature, image, brief) VALUES (2, 2, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:45:25.092902', '2019-07-14 13:45:25.092936', 'Mjj', 0, '前美团前端项目组架构师', NULL, 'teacher/mjj_icon.png', '是马JJ老师, 一个集美貌与才华于一身的男人,搞过几年IOS,又转了前端开发几年,曾就职于美团网任高级前端开发,后来因为不同意王兴(美团老板)的战略布局而出家做老师去了,有丰富的教学经验,开起车来也毫不含糊。一直专注在前端的前沿技术领域。同时,爱好抽烟、喝酒、烫头(锡纸烫)。 我的最爱是前端,因为前端妹子多。');
INSERT INTO luffy_teacher(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, role, title, signature, image, brief) VALUES (3, 3, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:46:21.997846', '2019-07-14 13:46:21.997880', 'Lyy', 0, '老男孩Linux学科带头人', NULL, 'teacher/lyy_icon.png', 'Linux运维技术专家,老男孩Linux金牌讲师,讲课风趣幽默、深入浅出、声音洪亮到爆炸');
-- 分类表
INSERT INTO luffy_course_category(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:40:58.690413', '2019-07-14 13:40:58.690477', 'Python');
INSERT INTO luffy_course_category(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name) VALUES (2, 2, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:41:08.249735', '2019-07-14 13:41:08.249817', 'Linux');
-- 课程表
INSERT INTO luffy_course(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, course_img, course_type, brief, level, pub_date, period, attachment_path, status, students, sections, pub_sections, price, course_category_id, teacher_id) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:54:33.095201', '2019-07-14 13:54:33.095238', 'Python开发21天入门', 'courses/alex_python.png', 0, 'Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土&&&Python从入门到入土', 0, '2019-07-14', 21, '', 0, 231, 120, 120, 0.00, 1, 1);
INSERT INTO luffy_course(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, course_img, course_type, brief, level, pub_date, period, attachment_path, status, students, sections, pub_sections, price, course_category_id, teacher_id) VALUES (2, 2, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:56:05.051103', '2019-07-14 13:56:05.051142', 'Python项目实战', 'courses/mjj_python.png', 0, '', 1, '2019-07-14', 30, '', 0, 340, 120, 120, 99.00, 1, 2);
INSERT INTO luffy_course(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, course_img, course_type, brief, level, pub_date, period, attachment_path, status, students, sections, pub_sections, price, course_category_id, teacher_id) VALUES (3, 3, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:57:21.190053', '2019-07-14 13:57:21.190095', 'Linux系统基础5周入门精讲', 'courses/lyy_linux.png', 0, '', 0, '2019-07-14', 25, '', 0, 219, 100, 100, 39.00, 2, 3);
-- 章节表
INSERT INTO luffy_course_chapter(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, chapter, name, summary, pub_date, course_id) VALUES (1, 1, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:58:34.867005', '2019-07-14 14:00:58.276541', 1, '计算机原理', '', '2019-07-14', 1);
INSERT INTO luffy_course_chapter(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, chapter, name, summary, pub_date, course_id) VALUES (2, 2, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:58:48.051543', '2019-07-14 14:01:22.024206', 2, '环境搭建', '', '2019-07-14', 1);
INSERT INTO luffy_course_chapter(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, chapter, name, summary, pub_date, course_id) VALUES (3, 3, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:59:09.878183', '2019-07-14 14:01:40.048608', 1, '项目创建', '', '2019-07-14', 2);
INSERT INTO luffy_course_chapter(id, orders, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, chapter, name, summary, pub_date, course_id) VALUES (4, 4, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 13:59:37.448626', '2019-07-14 14:01:58.709652', 1, 'Linux环境创建', '', '2019-07-14', 3);
-- 课时表
INSERT INTO luffy_course_Section(id, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, orders, section_type, section_link, duration, pub_date, free_trail, chapter_id) VALUES (1, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 14:02:33.779098', '2019-07-14 14:02:33.779135', '计算机原理上', 1, 2, NULL, NULL, '2019-07-14 14:02:33.779193', 1, 1);
INSERT INTO luffy_course_Section(id, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, orders, section_type, section_link, duration, pub_date, free_trail, chapter_id) VALUES (2, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 14:02:56.657134', '2019-07-14 14:02:56.657173', '计算机原理下', 2, 2, NULL, NULL, '2019-07-14 14:02:56.657227', 1, 1);
INSERT INTO luffy_course_Section(id, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, orders, section_type, section_link, duration, pub_date, free_trail, chapter_id) VALUES (3, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 14:03:20.493324', '2019-07-14 14:03:52.329394', '环境搭建上', 1, 2, NULL, NULL, '2019-07-14 14:03:20.493420', 0, 2);
INSERT INTO luffy_course_Section(id, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, orders, section_type, section_link, duration, pub_date, free_trail, chapter_id) VALUES (4, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 14:03:36.472742', '2019-07-14 14:03:36.472779', '环境搭建下', 2, 2, NULL, NULL, '2019-07-14 14:03:36.472831', 0, 2);
INSERT INTO luffy_course_Section(id, is_show, is_delete, created_time, updated_time, name, orders, section_type, section_link, duration, pub_date, free_trail, chapter_id) VALUES (5, 1, 0, '2019-07-14 14:04:19.338153', '2019-07-14 14:04:19.338192', 'web项目的创建', 1, 2, NULL, NULL, '2019-07-14 14:04:19.338252', 1, 3);
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