QT/自定义槽和信号

创建两个类student和teacher，父类都为QObject

在teacher中自定义Signal，hungry

//自定义信号，写道signals下
signals:
    //返回值void
    //只需要声明
    //可以有参数，可以重载
    void hungry();

    void hungry(QString FoodName);

在student中自定义Slot，treat

//自定义槽函数，写到public slots Qt5.0版本以上可以写成全局函数或者public作用域下或者lambda表达式
public slots:
    //返回值void
    //需要声明和实现
    //可以有参数，可以重载
    void treat();

    void treat(QString FoodName);

当teacher对象发出hungry信号，调用treat槽函数

connect(tc, &teacher::hungry, st, &student::treat);

当遇到重载的槽函数时，需用函数指针指向对应的函数

    //连接信号槽

    //连接有参数信号和槽
    //当信号和槽发生重载的时候，函数指针可以指向函数地址，用函数指针明确对应的函数
    void(teacher::*teacherSignal)(QString) = &teacher::hungry;
    void(student::*studentSlot)(QString) = &student::treat;
    void(student::*studentSlotEmpty)() = &student::treat;
    connect(tc, teacherSignal, st, studentSlot);
    connect(btn1, &QPushButton::clicked, st, studentSlotEmpty);

Qstring转换为char类型的方法

//QString转char* 通过.toUtf8转为QByteArrary类型通过.data()转为char*
qDebug() << "请老师吃" << FoodName.toUtf8().data();

student.h

#ifndef STUDENT_H
#define STUDENT_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QDebug>

class student : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit student(QObject *parent = nullptr);

signals:

//自定义槽函数，写到public slots Qt5.0版本以上可以写成全局函数或者public作用域下或者lambda表达式
public slots:
    //返回值void
    //需要声明和实现
    //可以有参数，可以重载
    void treat();

    void treat(QString FoodName);

    void treat(QString FoodName, QString SecondFoodName);
};

#endif // STUDENT_H

teacher.h

#ifndef TEACHER_H
#define TEACHER_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QString>

class teacher : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit teacher(QObject *parent = nullptr);

//自定义信号，写道signals下
signals:
    //返回值void
    //只需要声明
    //可以有参数，可以重载
    void hungry();

    void hungry(QString FoodName);
};



#endif // TEACHER_H

widget.h

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QTextEdit>
#include "mypushbutton.h"
#include "teacher.h"
#include "student.h"

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class Widget; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class Widget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Widget();
    teacher* tc;
    student* st;
    QPushButton* btn1;
    QPushButton* btn2;
    QPushButton* btn3;
    QPushButton* btn4;
    void display(QTextEdit *text1);
    void classIsOver();
private:
    Ui::Widget *ui;
};
#endif // WIDGET_H

widget.cpp

#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"


Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
    : QWidget(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::Widget)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    //new时括号内加入this，会将对象放入对象树，会自动调用析构函数
    this->tc = new teacher(this);
    this->st = new student(this);
    this->btn1 = new QPushButton;
    this->btn2 = new QPushButton;
    this->btn3 = new QPushButton("close", this);
    this->btn4 = new QPushButton("吃两个菜", this);
    btn1->setParent(this);
    btn1->setText("下课");

    btn2->setParent(this);
    btn2->setText("display");
    btn2->move(0,200);

    btn3->move(0,300);
    btn4->move(0,250);


    //连接信号槽

    //连接有参数信号和槽
    //当信号和槽发生重载的时候，函数指针可以指向函数地址，用函数指针明确对应的函数
    void(teacher::*teacherSignal)(QString) = &teacher::hungry;
    void(student::*studentSlot)(QString) = &student::treat;
    connect(tc, teacherSignal, st, studentSlot);


    //信号可以连接信号
    void(teacher::*teacherSignalEmpty)() = &teacher::hungry;
    void(student::*studentSlotEmpty)() = &student::treat;
    connect(tc, teacherSignalEmpty, st, studentSlotEmpty);
    connect(btn1, &QPushButton::clicked, tc, teacherSignalEmpty);
    //信号可以断开连接
    //disconnect(btn1, &QPushButton::clicked, tc, teacherSignalEmpty);
    //一个信号可以绑定多个槽函数
    //多个信号可以绑定同一个槽函数
    connect(btn2, &QPushButton::clicked, tc, teacherSignalEmpty);
    //槽函数的参数和信号的参数类型必须一一对应
    //信号的参数个数可以多余槽函数的参数个数，反之不可以

    //链接槽函数 注:信号的参数要大于等于槽函数的参数,
    //点击事件无参,但是槽函数需要传递ui参数
    //故槽函数采用Qt5之后支持的lambda表达式进行传参,常用=传递值,而不是&，因为当槽和信号连接时，当前控件会进入锁的状态，而=传递是创造新的值覆盖，不会过多影响效率，加上mutable关键字，可以修改按值传递的拷贝
    //新建一个textedit
    QTextEdit *text1 = new QTextEdit(this);
    //设置大小为200*100并放置在(300,100)处
    text1->resize(200, 100);
    text1->move(300, 100);

    //重置窗体大小为600*400
    this->resize(600, 400);
    connect(btn2, &QPushButton::clicked, text1, [=](){display(text1);});
    //Qt4版本信号和槽信号写法（不推荐）
    //利用Qt4版本连接有参信号和槽
    //优势参数直观
    //劣势参数类型不做匹配检测
    //connect(tc, SIGNAL(hungry(QString), st, SLOT(treat(QString)));

    //点击按钮，关闭窗口
    connect(btn3, &QPushButton::clicked, this, [=](){this->close();});

    connect(btn4, &QPushButton::clicked, this, [=](){this->st->treat("宫保鸡丁", "鱼香肉丝");});

    classIsOver();
}

void Widget::display(QTextEdit *text1)
{
    text1->setText("I Love you more than I can say!");
    text1->append("我爱你在心口难开");
}

void Widget::classIsOver()
{
    //触发自定义信号,emit是Qt关键字,使用：在A中对B发出信号
    emit this->tc->hungry("宫保鸡丁");
}

Widget::~Widget()
{
    delete ui;
}