触发器是与表有关的数据库对象,指在insert/update/delete之前(BEFORE)或之后(AFTER),触 发并执行触发器中定义的SQL语句集合。触发器的这种特性可以协助应用在数据库端确保数据的完整性 , 日志记录 , 数据校验等操作 。
案例:
通过触发器记录 tb_user 表的数据变更日志,将变更日志插入到日志表user_logs中, 包含增加, 修改 , 删除 ;
准备数据:
-- 准备工作 : 日志表 user_logs
create table user_logs(
id int(11) not null auto_increment,
operation varchar(20) not null comment '操作类型, insert/update/delete',
operate_time datetime not null comment '操作时间',
operate_id int(11) not null comment '操作的ID',
operate_params varchar(500) comment '操作参数',
primary key(`id`)
)engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
插入数据触发器
create trigger tb_user_insert_trigger
after insert
on tb_user
for each row
begin
insert into user_logs(id, operation, operate_time, operate_id, operate_params)
VALUES (null, 'insert', now(), new.id, concat('插入的数据内容为:
id=', new.id, ',name=', new.name, ', phone=', NEW.phone, ', email=', NEW.email, ',
profession=', NEW.profession));
end;
测试
show triggers;
-- 插入数据到tb_user
insert into tb_user(id, name, phone, email, profession, age, gender, status,
createtime)
VALUES (26, '三皇子', '18809091212', 'erhuangzi@163.com', '软件工
程', 23, '1', '1', now());
修改数据触发器:
create trigger tb_user_update_trigger
after update
on tb_user
for each row
begin
insert into user_logs(id, operation, operate_time, operate_id, operate_params)
VALUES (null, 'update', now(), new.id,
concat('更新之前的数据: id=', old.id, ',name=', old.name, ', phone=',
old.phone, ', email=', old.email, ', profession=', old.profession,
' | 更新之后的数据: id=', new.id, ',name=', new.name, ', phone=',
NEW.phone, ', email=', NEW.email, ', profession=', NEW.profession));
end;
测试:
-- 查看
show triggers;
-- 更新
update tb_user
set profession = '会计'
where id = 23;
update tb_user
set profession = '会计'
where id <= 5;
删除数据触发器:
create trigger tb_user_delete_trigger
after delete
on tb_user
for each row
begin
insert into user_logs(id, operation, operate_time, operate_id, operate_params)
VALUES (null, 'delete', now(), old.id,
concat('删除之前的数据: id=', old.id, ',name=', old.name, ', phone=',
old.phone, ', email=', old.email, ', profession=', old.profession));
end;
测试:
-- 查看
show triggers ;
-- 删除数据
delete from tb_user where id = 26;