字典(Dictionary){ }
博主学习资料使用的是:《Python编程从入门到实践》——人民邮电出版社;
《Python-100-Days》——GitHub——骆昊
基本定义:在Python中,字典是一系列键值对,每个键都与一个一个值相关联,可以使用键来访问相关联的值。与键相关联的值可以是数、字符串、列表乃至字典。
基本用法:
①访问字典中的值
eg:
introduction={'name':'leo','sex':'male','age':'34','height':169}
print(introduction['name']) #输出:leo
②添加键值对
eg:
introduction={'name':'leo','sex':'male','age':'34','height':169}
print(introduction)
#输出:{'name': 'leo', 'sex': 'male', 'age': '34', 'height': 169}
introduction['hobby']='football'
print(introduction)
#输出:{'name': 'leo', 'sex': 'male', 'age': '34', 'height': 169, 'hobby': 'football'}
③修改字典中的值
eg:
introduction={'name':'leo','sex':'male','age':'34','height':169}
print(introduction)
introduction['height']=170
print(introduction)
#输出:{'name': 'leo', 'sex': 'male', 'age': '34', 'height': 169}
# {'name': 'leo', 'sex': 'male', 'age': '34', 'height': 170}
④删除键值对 (删除的键值对会永远消失)
eg:
introduction={'name':'leo','sex':'male','age':'34','height':169}
print(introduction)
del introduction['sex']
print(introduction)
#输出:{'name': 'leo', 'sex': 'male', 'age': '34', 'height': 169}
# {'name': 'leo', 'age': '34', 'height': 169}
⑤使用get()来访问值
使用放在方括号内的键从字典中获取想要的值时,可能会引发问题,如果指定的键不存在就会出错
eg:
introduction={'name':'leo','sex':'male','age':'34','height':169}
name_value=introduction.get('name')
club_value=introduction.get('club','No club value assigned.')
print(name_value) #输出:leo
print(club_value) #输出:No club value assigned.
#如果字典中有键‘club’,将获得与之相关联的值;如果没有,将获得指定的默认值,即'No club value assigned.'
⑥遍历字典
eg:
introduction={'name':'leo','sex':'male','age':'34','height':169}
for key,value in introduction.items():
print(f'Key:{key}')
print(f'Value:{value}')
#输出:Key:name
# Value:leo
# Key:sex
# Value:male
# Key:age
# Value:34
# Key:height
# Value:169
⑦按特定顺序遍历字典中的所有键(值同理,将keys替换成values即可)
eg:
hobby={'tom':'swimming','jack':'tennis','nancy':'dancing','ethan':'football'}
for name in sorted(hobby.keys()):
print(f'{name.title()},thank for your support!')
#输出:Ethan,thank for your support!
# Jack,thank for your support!
# Nancy,thank for your support!
# Tom,thank for your support!