C++ 实现 Matrix （矩阵）类

真想不出名了

已于 2022-07-28 18:09:58 修改

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文章标签： c++ 矩阵算法

于 2022-07-28 18:06:30 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_58880769/article/details/126040823

版权

前言

这是前几个学期面向对象程序设计课程的大作业，这两天完完整整的重写了一遍，这份作业能够很好的涵盖C++的基础部分，以此来复习C++的基础语法部分,忘记有关功能的实现时可以查看源码

实现的涉及核心内容包括但不限于：

动态内存，类与对象的基本使用，深拷贝，运算符的重载(全局函数和成员函数），泛型（模板）, 文件和流…

参考：

《C++ Primer》中文第五版

W3Cchool C++教程

模板约束

https://blog.csdn.net/guxch/article/details/110795047

https://www.zhihu.com/question/403570202/answer/1351024448

逆矩阵求解算法参考

https://blog.csdn.net/qithon/article/details/80100029?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522165873888016781667819434%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334…%2522%257D&request_id=165873888016781667819434&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2_allsobaiduend~default-1-80100029-null-null.142

https://blog.csdn.net/m0_46201544/article/details/125012646?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=%20C++%20

矩阵幂运算，快速幂算法参考

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34401994/article/details/104646211

高斯滤波算法参考

https://blog.csdn.net/dcrmg/article/details/52304446?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522162400765316780366538782%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334…%2522%257D&request_id=162400765316780366538782&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2_allbaidu_landing_v2~default-1-52304446.pc_search_result_before_js&utm_term=c%2B%2B

完整代码

//
// Created by Xmx on 2022/7/26.
//

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <fstream>
#include <initializer_list>

using namespace std;

template <class T>
class Matrix
{
public:
    // 无参构造函数
    Matrix() {}

    // 有参构造函数
    Matrix(int rows, int cols, T init_value)
    {
        set_rows(rows);
        set_cols(cols);
        new_mat();
        for (int i = 0; i < get_rows(); ++i)
            for (int j = 0; j < get_cols(); ++j)
                mat_[i][j] = init_value;
    }

    // 析构函数
    ~Matrix()
    {
        cout << "~Matrix" << endl;
        delete_mat();
    }

    // done:
    // 有参构造函数, 使用初始化列表
    Matrix(initializer_list<initializer_list<T>> listList)
    {
        rows_ = (listList.begin())->size();
        cols_ = listList.size();
        new_mat(); // 分配内存
        auto pr = listList.begin();
        auto pc = pr->begin();
        for (int i = 0; i < get_rows(); i++, pr++)
        {
            pc = pr->begin();
            for (int j = 0; j < get_cols(); j++, pc++)
                mat_[i][j] = *pc;
        }
    }

    // 重载拷贝构造函数, 实现深拷贝
    Matrix<T>(const Matrix<T> &matrix)
    {
        this->rows_ = matrix.get_rows();
        this->cols_ = matrix.get_cols();
        new_mat(); // 为拷贝接受对象开辟内存

        //拷贝数值
        for (int i = 0; i < matrix.get_rows(); ++i)
            for (int j = 0; j < matrix.get_cols(); ++j)
                mat_[i][j] = matrix.mat_[i][j];
    }

    //! 重载= 必须通过成员函数实现
    Matrix<T> &operator=(const Matrix<T> &matrix)
    {
        // 若其在堆区, 先释放mat_指针,再深拷贝即可
        if (mat_ != NULL)
        {
            delete mat_;
            mat_ = NULL;
        }

        // 深拷贝
        this->rows_ = matrix.get_rows();
        this->cols_ = matrix.get_cols();
        new_mat();
        for (int i = 0; i < matrix.get_rows(); ++i)
            for (int j = 0; j < matrix.get_cols(); ++j)
                mat_[i][j] = matrix.mat_[i][j];
        return *this;
    }

    bool operator==(const Matrix<T> &other)
    {
        if (this->rows_ == other.rows_ && this->cols_ == other.cols_)
        {
            if (this->mat_ != NULL && other.mat_ != NULL)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < this->rows_; i++)
                    for (int j = 0; j < this->cols_; j++)
                        if (this->mat_[i][j] != other.mat_[i][j])
                            return false;
                return true;
            }
            else
                return false;
        }
        else
            return false;
    }

    bool operator!=(const Matrix<T> &other)
    {
        if (this->rows_ == other.rows_ && this->cols_ == other.cols_)
        {
            if (this->mat_ != NULL && other.mat_ != NULL)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < this->rows_; i++)
                    for (int j = 0; j < this->cols_; j++)
                        if (mat_[i][j] != other.mat_[i][j])
                            return true;
                return true;
            }
            else
                return true;
        }
        else
            return true;
    }

    // 申请矩阵空间
    void new_mat()
    {
        this->mat_ = new T *[get_rows()];
        for (int i = 0; i < get_rows(); i++)
        {
            this->mat_[i] = new T[get_cols()];
        }
    }

    // 释放矩阵空间
    void delete_mat()
    {
        if (mat_ != NULL)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < get_rows(); i++)
                delete[] this->mat_[i];
            delete[] mat_;
            mat_ = NULL;
        }
    }

    // *  ------------------------- 访问器与修改器 ---------------------------- *
    void set_rows(int rows)
    {
        this->rows_ = rows;
    }

    void set_cols(int cols)
    {
        this->cols_ = cols;
    }

    int get_rows() const
    {
        return this->rows_;
    }

    int get_cols() const
    {
        return this->cols_;
    }

    //* --------------------------- 文件和流 -------------------------------- *
    void load_matrix(string filename)
    {
        ifstream input;
        // input>>noskipws; //! 不忽略空格, 为了方便写入矩阵,不跳过空格
        input.open(filename);
        string read_contents = "";
        string temp;

        //! 读写模板
        // while (input>>temp)
        // {
        //     /* code */
        //     read_contents += temp;
        // }
        // cout << read_contents << endl;

        if (input.is_open())
        {
            int rows, cols;
            input >> rows >> cols;
            set_rows(rows);
            set_cols(cols);
            new_mat();
            for (int i = 0; i < get_rows(); i++)
                for (int j = 0; j < get_cols(); j++)
                    input >> mat_[i][j];

            cout << "read the txt successfully" << endl;
            cout << "rows: " << rows << " cols: " << cols << endl;
            input.close();
            cout << "The Matrix has been read successfully: " << endl;
            cout << *this << endl;
        }
        else
            cout << "File Opening Failed" << endl;
    }

    void write_matrix(string filename)
    {
        ofstream output(filename);
        if (output.is_open())
        {
            output << *this << endl;
            output.close();
            cout << "Matrix has been written" << endl;
        }
        else
            cout << "File Opening Failed" << endl;
    }

    // void show_mat()
    // {
    //     cout << endl;
    //     for (int i = 0; i < get_rows(); i++)
    //     {
    //         for (int j = 0; j < get_cols(); j++)
    //         {
    //             cout << this->mat_[i][j] << " ";
    //         }
    //         cout << endl;
    //     }
    //     cout << endl;
    // }

    // * ------------------------ 矩阵的基本运算函数 -------------------------- *
    void swap_element(T &element1, T &element2)
    {
        T temp = element1;
        element1 = element2;
        element2 = temp;
    }

    // 交换两行
    void swap_rows(int row1, int row2)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < get_cols(); i++)
            swap_element(mat_[row1][i], mat_[row2][i]);
    }

    // 交换两列
    void swap_cols(int col1, int col2)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < get_rows(); i++)
            swap_element(mat_[i][col1], mat_[i][col2]);
    }

    // *  ------------------------- 运算符重载的友元声明 ------------------------ *
    template <class U>
    friend istream &operator>>(istream &in, Matrix<U> &A); //! >>
    template <class U>
    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, Matrix<U> &A); //! <<
    template <class U>
    friend Matrix<U> operator+(const Matrix<U> &A, const U &k); //! A + k
    template <class U>
    friend Matrix<U> operator+(const U &k, const Matrix<U> &A); //! k + A
    template <class U>
    friend Matrix<U> operator-(const Matrix<U> &A, const U &k); //! A - k
    template <class U>
    friend Matrix<U> operator-(const U &k, const Matrix<U> &A); //! k - A
    template <class U>
    friend Matrix<U> operator*(const U &k, const Matrix<U> &A); //! k * A
    template <class U>
    friend Matrix<U> operator*(const Matrix<U> &A, const U &k); //! A * k
    template <class U>
    friend Matrix<U> operator/(const U &k, const Matrix<U> &A); //! k / A
    template <class U>
    friend Matrix<U> operator/(const Matrix<U> &A, const U &k); //! A / k
    template <class U>
    friend Matrix<U> operator+(const Matrix<U> &A, const Matrix<U> &B); //! A + B
    template <class U>
    friend Matrix<U> operator-(const Matrix<U> &A, const Matrix<U> &B); //! A - B
    template <class U>
    friend Matrix<U> operator*(const Matrix<U> &A, const Matrix<U> &B); //! A * B
    template <class U>
    friend Matrix<U> operator/(const Matrix<U> &A, const Matrix<U> &B); //! A / B
    template <class U>
    friend Matrix<U> operator^(const Matrix<U> &A, const U &B); //! A^k

    //* ------------------------- 静态成员函数生成基本矩阵 --------------------------- */
    // 零矩阵
    static Matrix<T> zeros(int rows, int cols)
    {
        return Matrix<T>(rows, cols, 0);
    }

    // 单位矩阵
    static Matrix<T> units(int size)
    {
        Matrix<T> result = Matrix<T>::zeros(size, size); // 先生成一个size大小的 "方零矩阵"
        for (int i = 0; i < result.get_cols(); i++)      // 修改对角线元素
            result.mat_[i][i] = 1;
        return result;
    }

    //! done: 求逆矩阵(高斯消元实现)
    template <class U>
    static Matrix<U> inverse(const Matrix<U> &A)
    {
        double eps = 1e-6;
        // 返回double类型,防止精度丢失
        Matrix<double> temp = Matrix<double>::augmented_E(A);
        for (int i = 0; i < temp.get_rows(); i++)
        {
            if (fabs(temp.mat_[i][i]) < eps)
            {
                int j;
                for (j = i + 1; j < temp.get_rows(); j++)
                    if (fabs(temp.mat_[i][j]) > eps)
                        break;
            }

            // 初等变换实现消元
            for (int i = 0; i < temp.get_rows(); i++)
            {
                double t = temp.mat_[i][i];
                // 将temp.mat_[i][i] = 1;
                for (int j = i; j < temp.get_cols(); j++)
                    temp.mat_[i][j] /= t;

                for (int j = i + 1; j < temp.get_rows(); j++)
                {
                    double tt = -1 * (temp.mat_[j][i] / temp.mat_[i][i]);
                    for (int k = i; k < temp.get_cols(); k++)
                        temp.mat_[j][k] += tt * temp.mat_[i][k];
                }
            }
        }

        for (int i = temp.get_rows() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        {
            for (int j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--)
            {
                double tt = -1 * (temp.mat_[j][i] / temp.mat_[i][i]);
                for (int k = i; k < temp.get_cols(); k++)
                    temp.mat_[j][k] += tt * temp.mat_[i][k];
            }
        }

        // 将temp左半部分传给result
        Matrix<double> result(A.get_rows(), A.get_cols(), 0);
        for (int i = 0; i < result.get_rows(); i++)
            for (int j = result.get_rows(); j < 2 * result.get_rows(); j++)
                result.mat_[i][j - result.get_rows()] = temp.mat_[i][j];

        // cout<<temp;

        return result;
    }

    //! done: 返回A的增广矩阵A|E
    static Matrix<T> augmented_E(const Matrix<T> &A)
    {
        int rows = A.get_rows();
        int cols = A.get_rows() + A.get_cols();
        Matrix<T> result = Matrix<T>(rows, cols, 0);
        for (int i = 0; i < result.get_rows(); i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < result.get_cols(); j++)
            {
                if (j < A.get_cols())
                {
                    result.mat_[i][j] = A.mat_[i][j];
                }
                else
                {
                    if (j == A.get_cols() + i)
                        result.mat_[i][j] = 1;
                    else
                        result.mat_[i][j] = 0;
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    //! done: 增广矩阵A' , 返回A的增广矩阵
    static Matrix<T> augmented(const Matrix<T> &A, const T *input, int len)
    {
        int rows = A.get_rows();
        int cols = A.get_rows() + 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
            cout << input[i] << " ";
        // input数组长度为A的行数满足条件,可以生成增广矩阵
        if (len == rows)
        {
            Matrix<T> result = Matrix<T>(rows, cols, 0);
            for (int i = 0; i < result.get_rows(); i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < result.get_cols(); j++)
                {
                    if (j < A.get_cols())
                        result.mat_[i][j] = A.mat_[i][j];
                    else
                        result.mat_[i][j] = input[i];
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
        else
            return Matrix<T>::zeros(1, 1);
    }

    //! done: 高斯消元(初等变换法)求解线性方程
    static string Gauss_eliminate(const Matrix<T> &A)
    {
        Matrix<T> temp = A;           // 用于计算的矩阵
        double ratio = 0, eps = 1e-6; // 默认最小主元素
        int n = temp.get_rows();      // 方程个数
        double result[n];             // 存储结果的数组
        string result_string = "";
        // 消元
        for (int k = 0; k < (n); k++)
        {
            for (int i = (k + 1); i < n; i++)
            {
                if (abs(temp.mat_[k][k]) < eps)
                    return "No solution!";

                double ratio = temp.mat_[i][k] / temp.mat_[k][k];
                for (int j = (k + 1); j < (n + 1); j++)
                    temp.mat_[i][j] -= ratio * temp.mat_[k][j];

                temp.mat_[i][k] = 0;
            }
        }
        result[n - 1] = temp.mat_[n - 1][n] / temp.mat_[n - 1][n - 1]; // 回代
        for (int i = (n - 2); i >= 0; i--)
        {
            double sum = 0;
            for (int j = (i + 1); j < n; j++)
            {
                sum += temp.mat_[i][j] * result[j];
                result[i] = (temp.mat_[i][n] - sum) / temp.mat_[i][i];
            }
        }

        // 生成结果字符串
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            result_string += "\nresult[" + to_string(i) + "]=" + to_string(result[i]) + "\n";

        return result_string;
    }

    //! done: 高斯核矩阵
    static Matrix<double> Gauss_kernel(int size, double sigma)
    {
        Matrix<double> result = Matrix<double>::zeros(size, size);
        const double PI = 4.0 * atan(1.0); // 圆周率赋值
        int center = size / 2;
        double sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < size; j++)
            {
                result.mat_[i][j] = (1 / (2 * PI * sigma * sigma)) *
                                    exp(-((i - center) * (i - center) + (j - center) * (j - center)) /
                                        (2 * sigma * sigma));
                sum += result.mat_[i][j];
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    //! done: H 为高斯滤波核矩阵, A 需要高斯滤波的矩阵, 返回滤波后的矩阵
    static Matrix<double> Gauss_filter(const Matrix<T> &A, const Matrix<double> &H)
    {
        Matrix<double> result = Matrix::zeros(A.get_rows(), A.get_cols());
        for (int i = 0; i < result.get_rows(); i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < result.get_cols(); j++)
                result.mat_[i][j] = A.mat_[i][j] * H.mat_[i][j];
        return result;
    }

private:
    int rows_;
    int cols_;
    T **mat_;
};

//*  --------------------------- 运算符重载 ------------------------------------- */

//! done: 重载>>
template <class U>
istream &operator>>(istream &in, Matrix<U> &A)
{
    cout << "Input the rows and columns for the matrix" << endl;
    in >> A.rows_ >> A.cols_;
    A.new_mat();
    for (int i = 0; i < A.get_rows(); i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < A.get_cols(); j++)
            in >> A.mat_[i][j];
    return in;
}

//! done: 重载<<
template <class U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, Matrix<U> &A)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < A.get_rows(); i++)
    {
        out << " [";
        for (int j = 0; j < A.get_cols(); j++)
            out << " " << A.mat_[i][j];
        out << " ]" << endl;
    }
    out << endl;
    return out;
}

//! done A + k
template <class U>
Matrix<U> operator+(const Matrix<U> &A, const U &k)
{
    if (A.get_cols() == A.get_rows()) // A 为方针,可以运算
    {
        Matrix<U> result = Matrix<U>(A);
        for (int i = 0; i < result.get_cols(); i++) // A + kE
            result.mat_[i][i] += k;
        return result;
    }
    else // 无法运算,返回1×1单位矩阵
        return Matrix<U>::zeros(1, 1);
}

//! done k + A
template <class U>
Matrix<U> operator+(const U &k, const Matrix<U> &A)
{
    if (A.get_cols() == A.get_rows()) // A 为方针,可以运算
    {
        Matrix<U> result = Matrix<U>(A);
        for (int i = 0; i < result.get_cols(); i++) // kE + A
            result.mat_[i][i] += k;
        return result;
    }
    else // 无法运算,返回1×1单位矩阵
        return Matrix<U>::zeros(1);
}

//! done: A - k
template <class U>
Matrix<U> operator-(const Matrix<U> &A, const U &k)
{
    if (A.get_cols() == A.get_rows()) // A 为方针,可以运算
    {
        Matrix<U> result = Matrix<U>(A);
        for (int i = 0; i < result.get_cols(); i++) // A - kE
            result.mat_[i][i] -= k;
        return result;
    }
    else // 无法运算,返回1×1单位矩阵
        return Matrix<U>::zeros(1);
}

//! done k - A
template <class U>
Matrix<U> operator-(const U &k, const Matrix<U> &A)
{
    if (A.get_cols() == A.get_rows()) // A 为方针,可以运算
    {
        Matrix<U> result = Matrix<U>(A);
        for (int i = 0; i < result.get_cols(); i++) // kE - A
            for (int j = 0; j < result.get_cols(); j++)
            {
                if (i == j)
                    result.mat_[i][j] = k - result.mat_[i][j];
                else
                    result.mat_[i][j] = -result.mat_[i][j];
            }
        return result;
    }
    else // 无法运算,返回1×1单位矩阵
        return Matrix<U>::zeros(1);
}

//! done: k * A
template <class U>
Matrix<U> operator*(const U &k, const Matrix<U> &A)
{
    Matrix<U> result = Matrix<U>(A);
    for (int i = 0; i < result.get_rows(); i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < result.get_cols(); j++)
            result.mat_[i][j] = result.mat_[i][j] * k;
    return result;
}

//! done: A * k
template <class U>
Matrix<U> operator*(const Matrix<U> &A, const U &k)
{
    Matrix<U> result = Matrix<U>(A);
    for (int i = 0; i < result.get_rows(); i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < result.get_cols(); j++)
            result.mat_[i][j] = result.mat_[i][j] * k;
    return result;
}

//! done: k / A
template <class U>
Matrix<U> operator/(const U &k, const Matrix<U> &A)
{
    // k / A = kE * A^-1
    // A 为方针,可以运算
    if (A.get_rows() == A.get_cols())
    {
        Matrix<U> result = Matrix<U>(A);
        Matrix<U> kE = Matrix<U>::units(A.get_rows());
        kE = kE * k; // 生成kE
        return kE * Matrix<U>::inverse(A);
    }
    else // 无法运算,返回零矩阵
        return Matrix<U>::zeros(1, 1);
}

//! done: A / k
template <class U>
Matrix<U> operator/(const Matrix<U> &A, const U &k)
{
    Matrix<U> result = Matrix<U>(A);
    for (int i = 0; i < result.get_rows(); i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < result.get_cols(); j++)
            result.mat_[i][j] = result.mat_[i][j] / k;
    return result;
}

//! done: A + B
template <class U>
Matrix<U> operator+(const Matrix<U> &A, const Matrix<U> &B)
{
    // A 与 B 维度相同
    if ((A.get_cols() == B.get_cols()) && (A.get_rows() == B.get_rows()))
    {
        Matrix<U> result = Matrix<U>(A);
        for (int i = 0; i < result.get_rows(); i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < B.get_cols(); j++)
                result.mat_[i][j] += B.mat_[i][j];
        return result;
    }
    else // 无法运算,返回零矩阵
        return Matrix<U>::zeros(1, 1);
}

//! done: A - B
template <class U>
Matrix<U> operator-(const Matrix<U> &A, const Matrix<U> &B)
{
    // A 与 B 维度相同
    if ((A.get_cols() == B.get_cols()) && (A.get_rows() == B.get_rows()))
    {
        Matrix<U> result = Matrix<U>(A);
        for (int i = 0; i < result.get_rows(); i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < B.get_cols(); j++)
                result.mat_[i][j] -= B.mat_[i][j];
        return result;
    }
    else // 无法运算,返回零矩阵
        return Matrix<U>::zeros(1, 1);
}

//! done: A * B
template <class U>
Matrix<U> operator*(const Matrix<U> &A, const Matrix<U> &B)
{
    // 先判断能否运算
    if (A.get_cols() == B.get_rows())
    {
        Matrix<U> result = Matrix<U>(A.get_rows(), B.get_cols(), 0);
        for (int i = 0; i < result.get_rows(); i++)
            for (int j = 0; j < result.get_cols(); j++)
                for (int k = 0; k < result.get_cols(); k++) // 所在行所在列元素相乘
                    result.mat_[i][j] += A.mat_[i][k] * B.mat_[k][j];
        return result;
    }
    else // 无法运算,返回零矩阵
        return Matrix<U>::zeros(1, 1);
}

//! done: A / B
template <class U>
Matrix<U> operator/(const Matrix<U> &A, const Matrix<U> &B)
{
    // A / B == A * B^-1
    // 先判断能否运算
    if (A.get_cols() == B.get_rows())
        return A * (Matrix<U>::inverse(B));
    else
        return Matrix<U>::zeros(1, 1);
}

//! done: A^k
template <class U>
Matrix<U> operator^(const Matrix<U> &A, int k)
{
    Matrix<U> result = Matrix<U>::units(A.get_cols());
    Matrix<U> temp = A;

    // 快速幂进行运算
    while (k)
    {
        if (k % 2)
            result = result * temp;
        k /= 2;
        temp = temp * temp;
    }
    return result;
}

int main()
{
    // Matrix<int> matrix1(3, 3, 3);
    // Matrix<double> matrix1_4(3, 4, 4);
    // Matrix<int> matrix2(4, 4, 4);
    // // Matrix<double> matrix3 = { {5,5,-1,7,54},{4,-9,20,12,-6},{9,-18,-3,1,21},{ 61,-8,-10,3,13 },{ 29,-28,-1,4,14 } };
    // // Matrix<int> matrix4 = Matrix<int>(matrix1);
    // Matrix<double> matrix5 = matrix1_4 * (0.3);
    // Matrix<int> matrix6 = Matrix<int>::units(3);
    // matrix1.show_mat();
    // matrix2.show_mat();
    // // matrix3.show_mat();
    // // matrix4.show_mat();
    // matrix5.show_mat();
    // matrix6.show_mat();
    // cout<<matrix6;
    // Matrix<double> matrix = Matrix<double>::augmented_E(matrix1_4);
    // matrix.swap_rows(0,1);
    // cout << matrix;
    // Matrix<double> matrix10;
    // cin >> matrix10;
    // Matrix<double> temp = Matrix<double>::inverse(matrix10);
    // Matrix<double> temp1 = Matrix<double>::inverse(matrix10);
    // cout << temp;
    // temp = temp ^ 2;
    // cout<<temp;
    // temp1 = temp1 * temp1;
    // cout<<temp1;
    // cout <<( matrix != matrix);

    //! 测试=, ==, != 重载
    Matrix<int> m1(3, 3, 3);
    Matrix<int> m2(3, 3, 4);
    cout << m1 << m2 << endl;
    cout << (m1 == m2);

    //     double input[] = {6,18,7};
    //     cout<<"len = "<< sizeof(input)/sizeof(input[0])<<endl;
    //      Matrix<double> Equations;
    //      cin >> Equations;
    //      Equations = Matrix<double>::augmented(Equations,input,sizeof(input)/sizeof(input[0]));
    //      cout<< Equations;
    //      cout<< Matrix<double>::Gauss_eliminate(Equations);

    //! 测试高斯滤波
    Matrix<double> temp(5, 5, 100);
    cout << temp << endl;
    temp = Matrix<double>::Gauss_filter(temp, Matrix<double>::Gauss_kernel(5, 5));
    cout << temp;

    //! 测试文件和流
    // Matrix<double> matrix_IO;
    // matrix_IO.load_matrix("input.txt");
    // matrix_IO.write_matrix("output.txt");

    // 测试初始化列表
    initializer_list<initializer_list<int>> initializerL_mat = {{1, 2, 3}, {2, 2, 2}, {3, 3, 3}};
    Matrix<int> matrix_initializer(initializerL_mat);
    cout << matrix_initializer;
}

作业要求：

实现一个矩阵类，包含以下功能：

基本成员

a) rows_行，cols_列，double** mat，矩阵元素

b) get_rows()返回行数；get_cols()返回列数

矩阵类的构造函数

a) 默认构造函数，生成一个1,1列的矩阵

Matrix mat;

b) 生成行列分别为rows, cols的矩阵

Matrix mat(rows, cols);

c) 生成行列分别为rows, cols,初始值为init_value的矩阵

Matrix mat(rows, cols, init_value);

d) 利用初始化列表生成矩阵

Matrix mat = {{1,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8}};

析构函数
拷贝构造函数与赋值运算符函数(实现深拷贝)
实现基本运算符重载函数，其中 A 表示矩阵，k表示标量(一个实数)。如表1所示。
静态函数生成基本矩阵

a) 零矩阵 Matrix::zeros(rows, cols);

b) 单位矩阵 Matrix::eye(size);

c) 均匀分布随机矩阵[1] Matrix::randu(rows, cols);

d) 高斯分布随机矩阵[2] Matrix::randn(rows, cols);

矩阵类基本运算符

操作符	说明
A + k	矩阵对应元素加上标量
k + A	标量加上矩阵对应元素
A - k	矩阵对应元素减去标量
A ∗ k	矩阵对应元素乘以标量
k ∗ A	标量乘以矩阵对应元素
A + B	矩阵对应元素加法
A - B	矩阵对应元素减法
A * B	矩阵乘法
A % B	矩阵对应元素乘法
A / B	矩阵对应元素乘法
A ^ k	矩阵 A 的 k 次幂（可以采用矩阵快速幂实现）

应用于方程组的矩阵函数

a) 增广矩阵 Matrix Ab = AugmentMatrix(A, B);

对于矩阵A，B的构成的增广矩阵Ab为

其中A，B矩阵的行数数应保证相同。

b) 逆矩阵 Matrix IA = Inverse(A);

逆矩阵可以通过对增广矩阵IA做高斯消元法实现，其中，I 是矩阵A的同型单位矩阵。

c) 实现高斯消元法求解线性方程组 Matrix x = GaussianElimination(A, b);

高斯滤波

a) 生成高斯核 Matrix H = GaussianKernel(k, sigma); 其中k表示高斯核尺寸, sigma表示方差。

b) 实现高斯滤波 Matrix B = GaussianFilter(A, H)

实现成员函数实现将矩阵读写函数。比如

Matrix mat;

mat.Load(filename);

mat.Write(filename);

真想不出名了

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C++ 实现 Matrix （矩阵）类

c)实现高斯消元法求解线性方程组Matrixx=GaussianElimination(A,b);b)实现高斯滤波MatrixB=GaussianFilter(A,H)a)增广矩阵MatrixAb=AugmentMatrix(A,B);a)零矩阵Matrixzeros(rows,cols);b)逆矩阵MatrixIA=Inverse(A);a)默认构造函数，生成一个1,1列的矩阵。......
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