图像的常规边缘检测(梯度算子、Roberts算子和Sobel算子)之c++实现（qt + 不调包）

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分类专栏：基于qt图像算法处理文章标签： c++ qt 图像处理计算机视觉人工智能

于 2023-08-30 09:59:23 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_59023219/article/details/132576529

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1.基本原理

边缘检测一般是利用微分等方法，通过对灰度跃变的分析寻找图像上区域边缘的技术。今天的猪脚是梯度算子和Roberts算子。

1.梯度算子是怎么来的？

答：图像是一个二维集合，在(x, y)处的偏导数（也就是此点的最大变化率）可以写成下图这样，其梯度大小本为 $\sqrt{g_{x}^{2} + g_{y}^{2}}$ ，但由于计算量大，所以简化成 $\left |g_{x} + g_{y} \right |$

2.Roberts算子是怎么来的？

答：对角线方向的梯度，其定义见下图，这个就是Roberts算子，其梯度大小本为 $\sqrt{g_{x}^{2} + g_{y}^{2}}$ ，但由于计算量大，所以简化成 $\left |g_{x} + g_{y} \right |$

3.Sobel算子是怎么来的？（此图参考自Sobel和Roberts算子的推导过程_sobel算子推导_松子茶的博客-CSDN博客）

答：

2.代码实现（代码是我以前自学图像处理时写的，代码很粗糙没做任何优化，但很好理解）

/*梯度法边缘检测 比例scale对差分结果进行缩放*/
QImage* MainWindow:: SideGrandiant(QImage* image,double scale)
{
    QImage* newImage = new QImage(image->width(),image->height(),QImage::Format_ARGB32);
    QColor color0;
    QColor color1;
    QColor color2;
    int  r = 0;
    int g = 0;
    int b = 0;
    int rgb = 0;
    int r1 = 0;
    int g1 = 0;
    int b1 = 0;
    int rgb1 = 0;
    int a = 0;
    for( int y = 0; y < image->height() - 1; y++)
    {
        for(int x = 0; x < image->width() - 1; x++)
        {
            color0 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x,y));
            color1 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x + 1,y));
            color2 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x,y + 1));
            r = abs(color0.red() - color1.red());
            g = abs(color0.green() - color1.green());
            b = abs(color0.blue() - color1.blue());
            rgb = r + g + b;

            r1 = abs(color0.red() - color2.red());
            g1= abs(color0.green() - color2.green());
            b1 = abs(color0.blue() - color2.blue());
            rgb1 = r1 + g1 + b1;

            a = rgb + rgb1;
            a = a * scale;
            a = a>255?255:a;

            newImage->setPixel(x,y,qRgb(a,a,a));
        }
    }
    return newImage;
}

/*Roberts法边缘检测 比例scale对差分结果进行缩放*/
QImage* MainWindow:: SideRobertsdiant(QImage* image,double scale)
{
    QImage* newImage = new QImage(image->width(),image->height(),QImage::Format_ARGB32);
    QColor color0;
    QColor color1;
    QColor color2;
    QColor color3;
    int  r = 0;
    int g = 0;
    int b = 0;
    int rgb = 0;
    int r1 = 0;
    int g1 = 0;
    int b1 = 0;
    int rgb1 = 0;
    int a = 0;
    for( int y = 0; y < image->height() - 1; y++)
    {
        for(int x = 0; x < image->width() - 1; x++)
        {
            color0 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x,y));
            color1 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x + 1,y));
            color2 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x,y + 1));
            color3 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x + 1,y + 1));
            r = abs(color0.red() - color3.red());
            g = abs(color0.green() - color3.green());
            b = abs(color0.blue() - color3.blue());
            rgb = r + g + b;

            r1 = abs(color1.red() - color2.red());
            g1= abs(color1.green() - color2.green());
            b1 = abs(color1.blue() - color2.blue());
            rgb1 = r1 + g1 + b1;

            a = rgb + rgb1;
            a = a * scale;
            a = a>255?255:a;

            newImage->setPixel(x,y,qRgb(a,a,a));
        }
    }
    return newImage;
}

/*sobel法边缘检测 比例scale对差分结果进行缩放,type表示使用那种公式 取值0或则1*/
QImage* MainWindow:: SideSobeldiant(QImage* image,double scale,int type)
{
    QImage* newImage = new QImage(image->width(),image->height(),QImage::Format_ARGB32);
    QColor color0;
    QColor color1;
    QColor color2;
    QColor color3;
    QColor color4;
    QColor color5;
    QColor color6;
    QColor color7;
    QColor color8;
    int  r = 0;
    int g = 0;
    int b = 0;
    int rgb = 0;
    int r1 = 0;
    int g1 = 0;
    int b1 = 0;
    int rgb1 = 0;
    int a = 0;
    for( int y = 1; y < image->height() - 1; y++)
    {
        for(int x = 1; x < image->width() - 1; x++)
        {
            color0 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x,y));

            color1=   QColor ( image->pixel(x-1,y-1));
            color2 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x,y-1));
            color3 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x+1,y));

            color4 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x-1,y));
            color5 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x+1,y));

            color6 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x-1,y+1));
            color7=   QColor ( image->pixel(x,y+1));
            color8 =   QColor ( image->pixel(x+1,y+1));
            r = abs(color1.red() + color2.red() * 2 + color3.red() - color6.red() - color7.red() * 2 - color8.red());
            g = abs(color1.green() + color2.green() * 2 + color3.green() - color6.green() - color7.green() * 2 - color8.green());
            b = abs(color1.blue() + color2.blue() * 2 + color3.blue() - color6.blue() - color7.blue() * 2 - color8.blue());
            rgb = r + g + b;

            r1 = abs(color1.red() + color4.red() * 2 + color6.red() - color3.red() - color5.red() * 2 - color8.red());
            g1= abs(color1.green() + color4.green() * 2 + color6.green() - color3.green() - color5.green() * 2 - color8.green());
            b1 = abs(color1.blue() + color4.blue() * 2 + color6.blue() - color3.blue() - color5.blue() * 2 - color8.blue());
            rgb1 = r1 + g1 + b1;
           if(type == 0)
           {
               if (rgb > rgb1)
                   a = rgb;
               else
                   a = rgb1;
           }
           else if(type == 1)
           {
            a = (rgb + rgb1)/2;
           }
            a = a * scale;
            a = a>255?255:a;

            newImage->setPixel(x,y,qRgb(a,a,a));
        }
    }
    return newImage;
}

3.下载路径：

整个系列链接： https://blog.csdn.net/m0_59023219/category_12425183.html

内容介绍：

[1]根据算法原理，编写纯c++源码，不调用外源库opencv 等；
[2]包括各种图像处理的基本算法，包含腐蚀膨胀，缩放，转置，镜像，平移，均衡变化，灰度拉升，灰度阈值，灰度非线性，转灰度，灰度线性，旋转，简单平滑，高斯平滑，轮廓跟踪，种子算法，hough直线检测，拉普拉斯，带方向边缘检测，常规边缘检测(梯度算子、Roberts算子和Sobel算子)，中值滤波，反色操作等；
[3]程序中有完整的注释，便于大家很好理解代码。

代码下载路径：基于QT的C++多种图像处理基本算法源码