1.基本原理
拉普拉斯算子为二阶微分算子,
可转换成公式:
1.一般应用的时候,会涉及到正相拉普拉斯模板和反相拉普拉斯模板
2.拉普拉斯素描
第一步:用正相拉普拉斯模板求边缘
第二步:去除噪声(取下面两个模板结果最大值,可防止把45°方向边缘像素误认为是噪声)
第三步:平滑滤波得到柔和的边缘
3.高斯拉普拉斯算子
拉普拉斯算子是一种高通滤波器,是影像灰度函数在两个垂直方向二阶偏导数之和。在离散数字影像的情况下,直接用影像灰度级的二阶差分代替连续情形下的二阶偏导数,对噪声很敏感,在提取边缘时往往会出现伪边缘响应。为克服拉普拉斯算子的不足,宜先对数字影像进行低通滤波,抑制噪声。高斯函数是一种很好的归一化低通滤波器,可用于对数字影像进行低通滤波以减少噪声的影响,在此基础上再利用拉普拉斯算子提取边缘,这就是高斯-拉普拉斯算子,又称为LOG(Laplacian of Gaussian)算子。下面是一个简化之后的高斯拉普拉斯模板。
2.代码实现(代码是我以前自学图像处理时写的,代码很粗糙没做任何优化,但很好理解)
/*拉普拉斯边缘检测 比例scale对差分结果进行缩放 mode 为选择那一种方式 0只 显示正边缘,1只显示负边缘,2显示所有的边缘,3同时用高灰度和低灰度分别显示正负边缘*/
QImage* MainWindow:: SideLaplacian(QImage* image,double scale,int mode)
{
QImage* newImage = new QImage(image->width(),image->height(),QImage::Format_ARGB32);
QColor color0;
int templt[3][3] = {
{1,1,1},
{1,-8,1},
{1,1,1}
};
int templtsize = 3;
for(int y = templtsize/2; y < image->height() - templtsize/2; y++)
{
for(int x = templtsize/2; x < image->width() - templtsize/2;x++)
{
int r =0;
int g = 0;
int b = 0;
for(int j = -templtsize/2; j <= templtsize/2;j++)
{
for(int i = -templtsize/2; i <= templtsize/2;i++)
{
color0 = QColor(image->pixel(x + i,y + j));
r += color0.red() * templt[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
g += color0.green() * templt[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
b += color0.blue() * templt[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
}
}
r*= scale;
g*=scale;
b*=scale;
r = qBound(-255,r,255);
g = qBound(-255,g,255);
b = qBound(-255,b,255);
switch (mode) {
case 0:
if(r<0) r = 0;
break;
case 1:
if(r>0) r = 0;
r = -r;
break;
case 2:
if(r<0) r = -r;
break;
case 3:
if(r<0) r = 128 + r/2;
break;
default:
break;
}
switch (mode) {
case 0:
if(g<0) g = 0;
break;
case 1:
if(g>0) g = 0;
g = -g;
break;
case 2:
if(g<0) g = -g;
break;
case 3:
if(g<0) g = 128 + g/2;
break;
default:
break;
}
switch (mode) {
case 0:
if(b<0) b = 0;
break;
case 1:
if(b>0) b = 0;
b = -b;
break;
case 2:
if(b<0) b = -b;
break;
case 3:
if(b<0) b = 128 + b/2;
break;
default:
break;
}
newImage->setPixel(x,y,qRgb(r,g,b));
}
}
return newImage;
}
/*拉普拉斯素描 k是用来消噪声点,ka是用来消灰度较低的斑点*/
QImage* MainWindow:: LaplacianB(QImage* image,double scale,int k,int ka)
{
QImage* newImage = new QImage(image->width(),image->height(),QImage::Format_ARGB32);
QImage* newImage1 = new QImage(image->width(),image->height(),QImage::Format_ARGB32);
QColor color0;
int templt[3][3] = {
{1,1,1},
{1,-8,1},
{1,1,1}
};
int templt1[3][3] = {
{1,1,-1},
{1,0,-1},
{1,-1,-1}
};
int templt2[3][3] = {
{1,1,1},
{-1,0,1},
{-1,-1,-1}
};
int templt3[3][3] = {
{1,1,1},
{1,4,1},
{1,1,1}
};
int templtsize = 3;
for(int y = templtsize/2; y < image->height() - templtsize/2; y++)
{
for(int x = templtsize/2; x < image->width() - templtsize/2;x++)
{
int r =0;
int g = 0;
int b = 0;
int r1 =0;
int g1= 0;
int b1 = 0;
int r2 =0;
int g2 = 0;
int b2 = 0;
int r3=0;
int g3 = 0;
int b3 = 0;
for(int j = -templtsize/2; j <= templtsize/2;j++)
{
for(int i = -templtsize/2; i <= templtsize/2;i++)
{
color0 = QColor(image->pixel(x + i,y + j));
r += color0.red() * templt[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
g += color0.green() * templt[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
b += color0.blue() * templt[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
r1+= color0.red() * templt1[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
g1 += color0.green() * templt1[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
b1 += color0.blue() * templt1[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
r2 += color0.red() * templt2[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
g2 += color0.green() * templt2[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
b2 += color0.blue() * templt2[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
}
}
r1 = abs(r1);
g1 = abs(g1);
b1 = abs(b1);
r2 = abs(r2);
g2 = abs(g2);
b2 = abs(b2);
r3 = r1>r2?r1:r2;
g3 = g1>g2?g1:g2;
b3 = b1>b2?b1:b2;
if(r3<k) r = 0;
else
{
r*= scale;
if(r > 255) r = 255;
else if(r < ka) r = 0;
}
if(g3<k) g = 0;
else
{
g*= scale;
if(g > 255) g = 255;
else if(g < ka) g = 0;
}
if(b3<k) b = 0;
else
{
b*= scale;
if(b > 255) b = 255;
else if(b < ka) b = 0;
}
r = 255 -r;
g = 255 - g;
b = 255 - b;
newImage1->setPixel(x,y,qRgb(r,g,b));
}
}
for(int y = templtsize/2; y < image->height() - templtsize/2; y++)
{
for(int x = templtsize/2; x < image->width() - templtsize/2;x++)
{
int r =0;
int g = 0;
int b = 0;
for(int j = -templtsize/2; j <= templtsize/2;j++)
{
for(int i = -templtsize/2; i <= templtsize/2;i++)
{
color0 = QColor(newImage1->pixel(x + i,y + j));
r += color0.red() * templt3[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize];
g += color0.green() * templt3[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize];
b += color0.blue() * templt3[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize];
}
}
r = r/12;
g = g/12;
b = b/12;
newImage->setPixel(x,y,qRgb(r,g,b));
}
}
delete newImage1;
return newImage;
}
/*高斯拉普拉斯边缘检测 */
QImage* MainWindow:: SideLaplacianG(QImage* image,double scale)
{
QImage* newImage = new QImage(image->width(),image->height(),QImage::Format_ARGB32);
QColor color0;
int templt[5][5] = {
{0,0,-1,0,0},
{0,-1,-2,-1,0},
{-1,-2,16,-2,-1},
{0,-1,-2,-1,0},
{0,0,-1,0,0}
};
int templtsize = 5;
for(int y = templtsize/2; y < image->height() - templtsize/2; y++)
{
for(int x = templtsize/2; x < image->width() - templtsize/2;x++)
{
int r =0;
int g = 0;
int b = 0;
for(int j = -templtsize/2; j <= templtsize/2;j++)
{
for(int i = -templtsize/2; i <= templtsize/2;i++)
{
color0 = QColor(image->pixel(x + i,y + j));
r += color0.red() * templt[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
g += color0.green() * templt[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
b += color0.blue() * templt[i + templtsize/2][j + templtsize/2];
}
}
r*=scale;
g*=scale;
b*=scale;
r = qBound(0,r,255);
g = qBound(0,g,255);
b = qBound(0,b,255);
newImage->setPixel(x,y,qRgb(r,g,b));
}
}
return newImage;
}
3.下载路径:
整个系列链接: https://blog.csdn.net/m0_59023219/category_12425183.html
内容介绍:
[1]根据算法原理,编写纯c++源码,不调用外源库opencv 等;
[2]包括各种图像处理的基本算法,包含腐蚀膨胀,缩放,转置,镜像,平移,均衡变化,灰度拉升,灰度阈值,灰度非线性,转灰度,灰度线性,旋转,简单平滑,高斯平滑,轮廓跟踪,种子算法,hough直线检测,拉普拉斯,带方向边缘检测,常规边缘检测(梯度算子、Roberts算子和Sobel算子),中值滤波,反色操作等;
[3]程序中有完整的注释,便于大家很好理解代码。
代码下载路径:基于QT的C++多种图像处理基本算法源码