两点:
1. 让我们先站在操作系统之上的网络协议栈再之上来思考……
2. 我们先简单粗暴地理解为:http + (加密)= https
先弄一个简单的HTTP网络客户端,连接服务器并读取默认页面。该应用程序可能如下所示:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#define SERVER_PORT 80
#define SERVER_NAME "localhost"
#define GET_REQUEST "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n"
int main( void )
{
int ret, len, server_fd;
unsigned char buf[1024];
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
struct hostent *server_host;
/*
* Start the connection
*/
printf( "\n . Connecting to tcp/%s/%4d...", SERVER_NAME,
SERVER_PORT );
fflush( stdout );
if( ( server_host = gethostbyname( SERVER_NAME ) ) == NULL )
{
printf( " failed\n ! gethostbyname failed\n\n");
goto exit;
}
if( ( server_fd = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_IP) ) < 0 )
{
printf( " failed\n ! socket returned %d\n\n", server_fd );
goto exit;
}
memcpy( (void *) &server_addr.sin_addr,
(void *) server_host->h_addr,
server_host->h_length );
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_port = htons( SERVER_PORT );
if( ( ret = connect( server_fd, (struct sockaddr *) &server_addr,
sizeof( server_addr ) ) ) < 0 )
{
printf( " failed\n ! connect returned %d\n\n", ret );
goto exit;
}
printf( " ok\n" );
/*
* Write the GET request
*/
print