MQTT协议

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已于 2023-04-14 15:51:25 修改

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文章标签：网络

于 2023-04-14 15:41:37 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_59115974/article/details/130129211

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文章介绍了MQTT协议在网络传输中的使用，特别是在物联网架构中的重要性。通过示例展示了如何使用mosquitto服务器进行安装和配置，以及如何使用Paho库在Python和Web环境中实现MQTT客户端的发送和接收。此外，还提供了基于Webserver的通讯实例，利用D3.js和C3.js进行数据可视化。

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1. 网络传输的方式以及不同

（1）socket通讯

（2）Flask

（3）多节点的传输：MQTT、目标检测的算法

ESP也可以运行MQTT的客户端

2. MQTT原理

适用于物联网架构

2. mosquitto服务器

Paho：客户端

MQTTbox：window测试

ws：9001\1883

刚装不带ws功能->修改（加三行）

就可以连接了

websocket：两个网页：一个心跳包、一个渲染

（高版本的mosquitto修改）

实验过程

安装

sudo apt-get install mosquitto mosquitto-clients

mosquitto 常用命令

https://www.cnblogs.com/xcsn/p/11360413.html
查看mosquitto的运行结果：

ps -A | grep mosquitto

开启接收进程

mosquitto_sub -h 192.168.243.128 -p 1883 -u root -P root -t 'top2'

发送pub

mosquitto_pub -h 192.168.243.128 -p 1883 -u root -P root -t 'top2' -m '12345678'

通讯实例1：

Ubuntu运行：mosquitto_sub -d -h 192.168.243.128 -t 'txt'

MQTTBox运行：

通讯实例2（webserver版）：

注意修改mosquitto服务端，注意要加9001

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
</head>

<body>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../static/js/paho-mqtt.js"></script>
    <script>
        // Create a client instance
        client = new Paho.MQTT.Client("192.168.243.128", Number(9001), "clientId2");

        // set callback handlers
        client.onConnectionLost = onConnectionLost;
        client.onMessageArrived = onMessageArrived;

        // connect the client
        client.connect({
            onSuccess: onConnect
        });


        // called when the client connects
        function onConnect() {
            // Once a connection has been made, make a subscription and send a message.
            console.log("onConnect");

            setInterval(function() {
                var data = {
                    photosensitive: Math.floor(Math.random() * 100),
                };
                message = new Paho.MQTT.Message(JSON.stringify(data));
                message.destinationName = "sensor/photosensitive";
                client.send(message);
            }, 2000);
        }

        // called when the client loses its connection
        function onConnectionLost(responseObject) {
            if (responseObject.errorCode !== 0) {
                console.log("onConnectionLost:" + responseObject.errorMessage);
            }
        }

        // called when a message arrives
        function onMessageArrived(message) {
            console.log("onMessageArrived:" + message.payloadString);
        }
    </script>
</body>

</html>

接收端：渲染折线图

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <!-- Load c3.css -->
    <link type="text/css" href="../static/css/c3.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>

<body>
    <div id="real-chart"></div>

    <!-- Load d3.js and c3.js -->
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../static/js/d3.v4.min.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../static/js/c3.min.js"></script>

    <script type="text/javascript" src="../static/js/paho-mqtt.js"></script>

    <script>
        // 初始化图表
        var chart = c3.generate({
            bindto: '#real-chart',
            data: {
                json: [],
                type: 'area-spline', // line,spline,step,area,area-spline,area-step,bar,scatter,pie,donut,gauge
                labels: true,
            },
            axis: {
                x: {
                    type: 'timeseries',
                    tick: { // 设置刻度轴
                        count: 12,
                        culling: {
                            max: 12
                        },
                        format: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
                    }
                }
            },
        });

        // 生成图表数据
        var metrics = ['光强'];
        var addData = (function() {
            var datas = [];
            return function(data) {
                datas.push(data);
                if (datas.length < 12) {
                    chart.load({
                        json: datas,
                        keys: {
                            x: 'date',
                            value: metrics,
                        },
                    });
                } else {
                    chart.flow({
                        json: [data],
                        keys: {
                            x: 'date',
                            value: metrics,
                        },
                        duration: 1000,
                    });
                }
            }
        })();

        // Create a client instance
        client = new Paho.MQTT.Client("192.168.243.128", Number(9001), "clientId-sub");

        // set callback handlers
        client.onConnectionLost = onConnectionLost;
        client.onMessageArrived = onMessageArrived;

        // connect the client
        client.connect({
            onSuccess: onConnect
        });


        // called when the client connects
        function onConnect() {
            // Once a connection has been made, make a subscription and send a message.
            console.log("onConnect");
            client.subscribe("sensor/photosensitive");
        }

        // called when the client loses its connection
        function onConnectionLost(responseObject) {
            if (responseObject.errorCode !== 0) {
                console.log("onConnectionLost:" + responseObject.errorMessage);
            }
        }

        // called when a message arrives
        function onMessageArrived(message) {
            console.log("onMessageArrived:" + message.payloadString);
            var obj = JSON.parse(message.payloadString);
            var data = {
                date: new Date(),
                光强: Math.floor(obj.photosensitive),
            };
            addData(data);
        }
    </script>
</body>

</html>

通讯实例3（python收发版）：

发送端：

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import math
import json
import time
client = mqtt.Client("name1")  # 连接MQTT服务器
client.connect("192.168.243.128", 1883)
# 循环发布数据
while True:
    data = {
        'photosensitive': int(math.sin(time.time())*100),
    }
    data_json = json.dumps(data)
    # # 将光感值发布到MQTT服务器
    client.publish("sensor/photosensitive", data_json)
    time.sleep(1)

代码接收端：

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt

def on_message(client, userdata, message):
    print("Received message: " + str(message.payload.decode("utf-8")))

broker_address = "192.168.243.128"
client = mqtt.Client('name2')
client.on_message = on_message
client.connect(broker_address)
client.subscribe("sensor/photosensitive")
client.loop_forever()