SpringBoot+VUE3+redis实现简单的验证码登录

本文用于在用户登录页面已经完成的情况下增加一个简单验证码功能

第一步：创建生成验证码的工具类 VertifyCodeUtils

package com.wd.bigevent.utils;
 
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
 
public class VertifyCodeUtils {
 
    //使用到Algerian字体，字体只显示大写，去掉了1,0,i,o几个容易混淆的字符
    public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
    private static Random random = new Random();
 
    /**
     * 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
     *
     * @param verifySize 验证码长度
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize) {
        return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
    }
 
    /**
     * 使用指定源生成验证码
     *
     * @param verifySize 验证码长度
     * @param sources    验证码字符源
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources) {
        if (sources == null || sources.length() == 0) {
            sources = VERIFY_CODES;
        }
        int codesLen = sources.length();
        Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
        StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
        for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {
            verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen - 1)));
        }
        return verifyCode.toString();
    }
 
    /**
     * 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值
     *
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param outputFile
     * @param verifySize
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException {
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }
 
    /**
     * 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值
     *
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param os
     * @param verifySize
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException {
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(w, h, os, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }
 
    /**
     * 生成指定验证码图像文件
     *
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param outputFile
     * @param code
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException {
        if (outputFile == null) {
            return;
        }
        File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
        if (!dir.exists()) {
            dir.mkdirs();
        }
        try {
            outputFile.createNewFile();
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
            outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
            fos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw e;
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 输出指定验证码图片流
     *
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param os
     * @param code
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException {
        int verifySize = code.length();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Random rand = new Random();
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        Color[] colors = new Color[5];
        Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
                Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
                Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW};
        float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {
            colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
            fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
        }
        Arrays.sort(fractions);
 
        g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
 
        Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
        g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色
        g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h - 4);
 
        //绘制干扰线
        Random random = new Random();
        g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
            int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
            int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
            int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
            g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
        }
 
        // 添加噪点
        float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率
        int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
        for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w);
            int y = random.nextInt(h);
            int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
            image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
        }
 
        shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲
 
        g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
        int fontSize = h - 4;
        Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
        g2.setFont(font);
        char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {
            AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
            affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize / 2, h / 2);
            g2.setTransform(affine);
            g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w - 10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h / 2 + fontSize / 2 - 10);
        }
 
        g2.dispose();
        ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
    }
 
    private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
        if (fc > 255)
            fc = 255;
        if (bc > 255)
            bc = 255;
        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }
 
    private static int getRandomIntColor() {
        int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
        int color = 0;
        for (int c : rgb) {
            color = color << 8;
            color = color | c;
        }
        return color;
    }
 
    private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
        int[] rgb = new int[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
        }
        return rgb;
    }
 
    private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
        shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
        shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
    }
 
    private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
 
        int period = random.nextInt(2);
 
        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 1;
        int phase = random.nextInt(2);
 
        for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                    + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                    / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
                g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
            }
        }
 
    }
 
    private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
 
        int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;
 
        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 20;
        int phase = 7;
        for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                    + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                    / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
            }
 
        }
 
    }
}
 

第二步：在userController中新增一个接口用于前端验证码图片生成的url

@GetMapping("/getVertifyCodeImage")
    public Result<String> getImageCode() throws IOException {
        // 1. 使用工具类生成验证码
        String code = VertifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4);
        //2.将生成的验证码存放到redis中2分钟过期
        ValueOperations<String, String> operations = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue();
        operations.set("validate_code",code,2,TimeUnit.MINUTES);
        // 3. 将图片转换成base64格式
        // 字节数组输出流在内存中创建一个字节数组缓冲区，所有发送到输出流的数据保存在该字节数组缓冲区中
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        //将得到的验证码，使用工具类生成验证码图片，并放入到字节数组缓存区
        VertifyCodeUtils.outputImage(220,60,byteArrayOutputStream,code);
        //使用spring提供的工具类，将字节缓存数组中的验证码图片流转换成Base64的形式
        //并返回给浏览器
        Base64 base64 = new Base64();
        String imageCode = "data:image/png;base64," + base64.encodeToString(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray());
        return Result.success(imageCode);
    }

这里我的result类是这样的：

package com.wd.bigevent.pojo;


import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

//统一响应结果
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
public class Result<T> {
    private Integer code;//业务状态码  0-成功  1-失败
    private String message;//提示信息
    private T data;//响应数据

    //快速返回操作成功响应结果(带响应数据)
    public static <E> Result<E> success(E data) {
        return new Result<>(0, "操作成功", data);
    }

    //快速返回操作成功响应结果
    public static Result success() {
        return new Result(0, "操作成功", null);
    }

    public static Result error(String message) {
        return new Result(1, message, null);
    }
}

第三步：在登录接口中补充判断验证码的片段

//判断验证码是否正确
            //从redis中拿到生成的验证码
            ValueOperations<String, String> operations = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue();
            String validate_code = operations.get("validate_code");
            if(vertify_code_input.equalsIgnoreCase(validate_code)){
                //登陆成功返回token
            }

前端：

第一步：增加user.js中的接口用于获取验证码

//获取验证码
export const getVertifyCode=()=>{
    return request.get('/user/getVertifyCodeImage')
}

第二步，在login.vue中数据模型中新增一个vertify_code_input

//定义数据模型
const registerData = ref({
    username:'',
    password:'',
    rePassword:'',
    vertify_code_input:''
})

第三步：在login.vue中编写函数调用接口，并调用该函数

//获取验证码
const code_url = ref('')
const getVertify=async()=>{
    const result =await getVertifyCode()
    console.log(result.data);
    code_url.value=result.data
}
getVertify()

第四步：在login.vue绑定在登录表单

<!-- 验证码 -->
                <el-form-item prop="vertify_code">
                <el-input v-model="registerData.vertify_code_input"  placeholder="验证码" :prefix-icon="Lock">
                    <template #append>
                        <el-image class="login-code" :src="code_url" @click="getVertify" title="看不清？点击切换"></el-image>
                    </template>
                </el-input>
                </el-form-item>

附学习文章：【sprintboot+vue】前后端分离模式下的登录验证码后端验证实现记录_springboot+vue前后端分离的web项目是如何验证用户登录的,后端如何实现-CSDN博客