本文介绍了如何使用ESP32通过microPython驱动ST7789 240x240彩色屏幕，并实现中文显示功能。作者分享了驱动下载、bug修复和自定义中文字符绘制的方法，包括不同字号的字体处理和示例程序。
ESP32使用microPython控制1.54寸240x240彩色屏幕
王铭东老师B站视频详细讲解了讲了关于240x240屏幕的一些基础东西，我这里在原功能的基础上拓展了中文显示的功能，顺带修改了实际操作过程中程序中遇到的一些问题
一、运行效果
二、240x240屏幕
ST7789有 ST7789, ST7789V, ST7789H2等型号, 分辨率有240x204, 240x240, 240x320等多种类型, 驱动方式都是一样的.
引脚定义：
- RES -> RESET复位引脚
- DC -> 数据，指令选择引脚，1为数据 、0为指令
- CS -> Chip Select低电平有效
- SCK,SCL, CLK -> SPI串行时钟信号
- BL -> 背光引脚，高电平点亮屏幕，低电平关闭屏幕
- SDA -> SPI串行数据输入输出信号
- GND -> 电源地
- VCC -> 支持3.3v和5v输入
三、硬件连接
| ESP32 | 240x240屏幕 |
|---|---|
| 3V3 (or 5V) | VCC |
| GND | GND |
| GPIO18 | SCL |
| GPIO23 | SDA |
| GPIO2 | DC |
| GPIO5 | CS |
| GPIO22 | BL |
| GPIO17 | RES |
四、驱动下载
4.1、驱动下载地址
st7789py.py：https://github.com/russhughes/st7789py_mpy
修改后的代码及附件下载地址：https://github.com/LC044/MCU/tree/main/ST7789
4.2、bug修改
使用原作者驱动的时候发现屏幕不亮，对原驱动代码稍加修改能够成功显示画面
-
将204、205行代码注释掉
#self.hard_reset() #self.soft_reset()后面加上三行代码
self.cs.init(self.cs.OUT, value=1) self.dc.init(self.dc.OUT, value=0) self.reset.init(self.reset.OUT, value=1) -
215、216行代码替换成
if backlight is not None: #backlight.value(1) self.backlight.init(self.backlight.OUT, value=1)
4.3、支持中文显示（还不完善）
st7789类中增加三个方法
-
显示16x16大小的中文
def _text_gb16(self, font,size, text, x0, y0, color=WHITE, background=BLACK): for char in text: if (x0+font.FONT['WIDTH'] <= self.width and y0+font.FONT['HEIGHT'] <= self.height): for line in range(2): idx = line * 16 buffer = b'' for x in range(16): for i in range(8): buffer += struct.pack('H',color if font.FONT[char][idx+x] & _BIT[7-i] else background) self.blit_buffer(buffer, x0, y0+8*line, 16, 8) x0 += font.WIDTH -
显示24x24大小的中文
def text_gb24(self, font,size, text, x0, y0, color=WHITE, background=BLACK): for char in text: if (x0+font.FONT_24['WIDTH'] <= self.width and y0+font.FONT_24['HEIGHT'] <= self.height): for line in range(3):#分成3次显示 idx = line * (font.FONT_24['SIZE']//3) buffer = b'' for x in range(font.FONT_24['SIZE']//3): for i in range(8): buffer += struct.pack('H',color if font.FONT_24[char][idx+x] & _BIT[7-i] else background) self.blit_buffer(buffer, x0, y0+8*line, font.FONT_24['WIDTH'], 8) x0 += font.FONT_24['WIDTH'] -
显示32x32大小的中文
def text_gb32(self, font,size, text, x0, y0, color=WHITE, background=BLACK): for char in text: if (x0+font.FONT_32['WIDTH'] <= self.width and y0+font.FONT_32['HEIGHT'] <= self.height): for line in range(4): idx = line * (font.FONT_32['SIZE']//4) buffer = b'' for x in range(font.FONT_32['SIZE']//4): for i in range(8): buffer += struct.pack('H',color if font.FONT_32[char][idx+x] & _BIT[7-i] else background) self.blit_buffer(buffer, x0, y0+8*line, font.FONT_32['WIDTH'], 8) x0 += font.FONT_32['WIDTH'] -
显示48x48大小的中文
def text_gb48(self, font,size, text, x0, y0, color=WHITE, background=BLACK): for char in text: if (x0+font.FONT_48['WIDTH'] <= self.width and y0+font.FONT_48['HEIGHT'] <= self.height): for line in range(4):#分成4次显示 idx = line * (font.FONT_48['SIZE']//4) buffer = b'' for x in range(font.FONT_48['SIZE']//4): for i in range(8): buffer += struct.pack('H',color if font.FONT_48[char][idx+x] & _BIT[7-i] else background) self.blit_buffer(buffer, x0, y0+12*line, font.FONT_48['WIDTH'], 12) x0 += font.FONT_48['WIDTH'] -
text方法修改
def text(self,font,size, text, x0, y0, color=WHITE, background=BLACK): """ Draw text on display in specified font and colors. 8 and 16 bit wide fonts are supported. Args: font (module): font module to use. text (str): text to write x0 (int): column to start drawing at y0 (int): row to start drawing at color (int): 565 encoded color to use for characters background (int): 565 encoded color to use for background """ if font.flag == 'gb16': self._text_gb16(font,size, text, x0, y0, color, background) #print('gb16') elif font.WIDTH == 8: self._text8(font, text, x0, y0, color, background) else: self._text16(font, text, x0, y0, color, background) #print('abc16')
4.4、获取中文字体
在线取模网址：在线点阵取模_暮光小猿wzt (scraft.top)
首先选择需要的字体大小，底下参数选择反转位序
在font_gb_16x16.py中添加字典
示例格式：（必须标明字体宽高和每个字的字节大小）
FONT = {
'HEIGHT':16,
'WIDTH':16,
'SIZE':32,
'当':[0x01,0x00,0x21,0x08,0x11,0x08,0x09,0x10,0x09,0x20,0x01,0x00,0x7f,0xf8,0x00,0x08,0x00,0x08,0x00,0x08,0x3f,0xf8,0x00,0x08,0x00,0x08,0x00,0x08,0x7f,0xf8,0x00,0x08],
'前':[0x10,0x10,0x08,0x10,0x08,0x20,0xff,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x3e,0x08,0x22,0x48,0x22,0x48,0x3e,0x48,0x22,0x48,0x22,0x48,0x3e,0x48,0x22,0x08,0x22,0x08,0x2a,0x28,0x24,0x10],
'天':[0x00,0x00,0x3f,0xf8,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0xff,0xfe,0x01,0x00,0x02,0x80,0x02,0x80,0x04,0x40,0x04,0x40,0x08,0x20,0x10,0x10,0x20,0x08,0xc0,0x06],
'气':[0x10,0x00,0x10,0x00,0x3f,0xfc,0x20,0x00,0x4f,0xf0,0x80,0x00,0x3f,0xf0,0x00,0x10,0x00,0x10,0x00,0x10,0x00,0x10,0x00,0x10,0x00,0x0a,0x00,0x0a,0x00,0x06,0x00,0x02],
'阴':[0x00,0x00,0x7d,0xfc,0x45,0x04,0x49,0x04,0x49,0x04,0x51,0xfc,0x49,0x04,0x49,0x04,0x45,0x04,0x45,0xfc,0x45,0x04,0x69,0x04,0x52,0x04,0x42,0x04,0x44,0x14,0x48,0x08],
}
注：不要加载太多字体，否则会显示内存不足。需要大量字库的话可以将字节码写入文件里，不要用python字典存储，python字典的散列表很耗费空间。
五、示例程序
首先将字体文件下载到esp32的flash里，这里我放在了esp32的package文件夹里
from machine import Pin, SPI
from package import st7789py as st
from package import vga1_16x32 as font
from package import font_gb_16x16 as font_gb
import time
class Display():
def __init__(self):
self.tft = st.ST7789(SPI(2, 10000000), 240, 240, reset=Pin(17), dc=Pin(2), cs=Pin(5), backlight=Pin(22), rotation=0)
self.WHITE = st.color565(255, 255, 255)#BRG
self.BLACK = st.color565(0, 0, 0)
self.RED = st.color565(0, 255, 0)
self.GREEN = st.color565(0, 0, 255)
self.BLUE = st.color565(255, 0, 0)
self.YELLOW = st.color565(0, 255, 255)
print(self.RED,self.GREEN,self.BLUE)
self.last_hour = 0
self.last_minute = 0
self.last_second = 0
self.last_year = 0
self.last_month = 0
self.last_day = 0
self.init_show()
def init_show(self):
'''
初始化显示画面
'''
self.tft.text_gb48(font_gb,32, ':', 20+24*2, 100, self.WHITE, self.BLACK)
self.tft.text_gb48(font_gb,32, ':', 20+24*5, 100, self.WHITE, self.BLACK)
self.tft.text_gb48(font_gb,32, '00', 20, 100, self.WHITE, self.BLACK)
self.tft.text_gb48(font_gb,32, '00', 20+24*3, 100, self.WHITE, self.BLACK)
self.tft.text_gb48(font_gb,32, '00', 20+24*6, 100, self.WHITE, self.BLACK)
self.text_gb('小雨')
self.text('hello world!')
def text_gb(self,text):
self.tft.text_gb32(font_gb,32, text, 0, 0, self.WHITE, self.BLACK)
def text(self,text):
self.tft.text(font,32, text, 0, 50, self.GREEN, self.BLACK)
def show_time(self,t):
'''
显示时间
'''
year = t[0]
month = t[1]
day = t[2]
hour = t[3]
minute = t[4]
second = t[5]
ti = "{:0>2d}:{:0>2d}:{:0>2d}".format(hour,minute,second)
#print(ti)
if hour != self.last_hour:
self.tft.text_gb48(font_gb,32, '{:0>2d}'.format(hour), 20, 100, self.BLUE, self.BLACK)
self.last_hour = hour
if minute != self.last_minute:
self.tft.text_gb48(font_gb,32, '{:0>2d}'.format(minute), 20+24*3, 100, self.RED, self.BLACK)
self.last_minute = minute
if second != self.last_second:
self.tft.text_gb48(font_gb,32, '{:0>2d}'.format(second), 20+24*6, 100, self.GREEN, self.BLACK)
self.last_second = second
#self.tft.text_gb48(font_gb,32, ti, 20, 100, self.WHITE, self.BLACK)
def run(self):
while True:
t = time.localtime(time.time())
#if t[5]%2==0:
self.show_time(t)
time.sleep(0.5)
#for i in range(65536,100):
# self.tft.text_gb32(font_gb,32, '雨', 100, 150, i, self.BLACK)
def __del__(self):
pass
D = Display()
D.run()
运行结果见开头
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