一些排序算法的python模板

涉及排序算法：冒泡、选择、归并、快速排序。

def bubble_sort(ls):
    """冒泡排序"""
    n = len(ls)
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(1, n - i):
            if ls[j - 1] > ls[j]:
                ls[j - 1], ls[j] = ls[j], ls[j - 1]
    return ls

def selection_sort(ls):
    """选择排序"""
    n = len(ls)
    for i in range(n - 1):
        min_index = i
        for j in range(i, n):
            if ls[j] < ls[min_index]:
                min_index = j
        ls[min_index], ls[i] = ls[i], ls[min_index]
    return ls

def merge_sort(ls):
    """归并排序"""
    n = len(ls)
    if n <= 1:
        return ls
    mid = n // 2
    left = merge_sort(ls[:mid])
    right = merge_sort(ls[mid:])
    return merge(left, right)


def merge(left, right):
    """归并排序的辅助函数"""
    i = j = 0
    result = []
    while i < len(left) and j < len(right):
        if left[i] <= right[j]:
            result.append(left[i])
            i += 1
        else:
            result.append(right[j])
            j += 1
        result += left[i:] + right[j:]
        return result

def quick_sort(ls):
    """快速排序"""
    n = len(ls)
    if n <= 1:
        return ls
    baseline = ls[0]
    left = [ls[i] for i in range(1, len(ls)) if ls[i] < baseline]
    right = [ls[i] for i in range(1, len(ls)) if ls[i] >= baseline]
    return quick_sort(left) + [baseline] + quick_sort(right)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    """上一句的作用：在被import的时候不会执行这段代码"""
    ls = [3, 4, 21, 1, 2, 43, 12, 32, 21, 213, 32, 312]
    print(selection_sort(ls))