编写和运行playbook

首先以student用户身份并使用student作为密码登录workstation.
登录workstation
        [kiosk@foundation0 ~]$ ssh student@workstation
        Warning: Permanently added 'workstation,172.25.250.9' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
        Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
在workstation 上，运行 lab deploy-basic start 命令。此功能将确保受管主机 serverc.lab.example.com 和 serverd.lab.example.com 可在网络上访问。它将确保控制节点上安装了正确的ansible 配置文件和清单文件。
        [student@workstation ~]$ lab playbook-basic start

        Setting up workstation for lab exercise work:

         · Verifying Ansible installation..............................  SUCCESS
         · Creating working directory..................................  SUCCESS
         · Deploying Ansible inventory.................................  SUCCESS
         · Deploying ansible.cfg.......................................  SUCCESS
         · Downloading index.html......................................  SUCCESS
         · Stop firewalld on serverc...................................  SUCCESS
         · Stop firewalld on serverd...................................  SUCCESS

            已经在 workstation 上为此练习创建了工作目录 /home/student/playbook-basic.该目录中已填充了ansible.cfg配置文件，还填充了inventory 清单文件，后者定义包含上方所列受管主机作为其成员的web组。

            在此目录中，使用文本编辑器创建名为 site.yml 的playbook.此playbook 中含有一个play，它应当以web主机组的成员为目标。该playbook应使用任务来确保受管主机上满足下列条件：
        1、利用yum模块确保存在 httpd 软件包。
        2、利用copy 模块将本地的files/index.html 文件复制到各受管主机上的 /var/www/html/index.html.
        3、利用service 模块去启动和启用httpd服务。
   可使用ansible-doc 命令帮助了解各个模块所需的关键字。

编写了playbook后，验证其语法，然后使用ansible-playbook 运行 playbook来实施配置。

1、更改为 /home/student/playbookk-basic目录。
        [student@workstation ~]$ cd ~/playbook-basic
        [student@workstation playbook-basic]$
2、使用文本编辑器，创建名为 /home/student/playbook-basic/site.yml 的新playbook. 以web 主机组中的主机为目标开始编写一个paly.
        [student@workstation playbook-basic]$ vim site.yml
        添加：
        ---
        - name: Install and start Apache HTTPD
          hosts: web
          tasks:
             - name: httpd package is present
              yum:
                  name: httpd
                  state: present

            - name: correct index.html is present
              copy:
                  src: files/index.html
                  dest: /var/www/html/index.html

            - name: httpd is started
              service:
                name: httpd
                state: started
                enabled: true
4、在运行playbook之前，请运行 ansible-playbook --syntax-check site.yml 命令以验证其语法是否正确。如果报告任何错误，请更正后再继续下一步。
        [student@workstation playbook-basic]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check site.yml

        playbook: site.yml
5、运行playbook。 通读生成的输出，确保所有任务都已成功完成。
        [student@workstation playbook-basic]$ ansible-playbook site.yml

        PLAY [Install and start Apache HTTPD] ******************************************

        TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************
        ok: [serverc.lab.example.com]
        ok: [serverd.lab.example.com]

        TASK [httpd package is present] ************************************************
        ok: [serverc.lab.example.com]
        ok: [serverd.lab.example.com]

        TASK [correct index.html is present] *******************************************
        ok: [serverc.lab.example.com]
        ok: [serverd.lab.example.com]

        TASK [httpd is started] ********************************************************
        changed: [serverc.lab.example.com]
        changed: [serverd.lab.example.com]

        PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
        serverc.lab.example.com    : ok=4    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0            rescued=0    ignored=0   
        serverd.lab.example.com    : ok=4    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0            rescued=0    ignored=0   
6、如果一切都正常，再次运行playbook，并且看到所有任务都完成且不对受管主机执行任何更改。
        [student@workstation playbook-basic]$ ansible-playbook site.yml

        PLAY [Install and start Apache HTTPD] ********************************************

        TASK [Gathering Facts] ***********************************************************
        ok: [serverc.lab.example.com]
        ok: [serverd.lab.example.com]

        TASK [httpd package is present] **************************************************
        ok: [serverc.lab.example.com]
        ok: [serverd.lab.example.com]

        TASK [correct index.html is present] *********************************************
        ok: [serverd.lab.example.com]
        ok: [serverc.lab.example.com]

        TASK [httpd is started] **********************************************************
        ok: [serverd.lab.example.com]
        ok: [serverc.lab.example.com]

        PLAY RECAP ***********************************************************************
        serverc.lab.example.com    : ok=4    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0            rescued=0    ignored=0   
        serverd.lab.example.com    : ok=4    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0            rescued=0    ignored=0  
7、使用curl 命令验证serverc 和 serverd 是否都配置为HTTPD服务器。
        [student@workstation playbook-basic]$ curl serverc.lab.example.com
        This is a test page.
        [student@workstation playbook-basic]$ curl serverd.lab.example.com
        This is a test page.
完成：
        清理本练习
        [student@workstation ~]$ lab playbook-basic finish

        Cleaning up exercise

         · Remove web content..........................................  SUCCESS
         · Remove httpd package........................................  SUCCESS
         · Start firewalld on serverc..................................  SUCCESS
         · Start firewalld on serverd..................................  SUCCESS