LeetCode编程笔记--C语言

11月12日

  • 绝对值函数 abs -------------- #include<math.h>
  • 快排函数 qsort --------------- #include<stdlib.h>
 void qsort ( 
    void* base, 		//要排序的目标数组
    size_t num,     	//待排序的元素个数
    size_t width,       //一个元素的大小,单位是字节
    int(*cmp)(const void* e1, const void* e2) // e1 - e2 为升序,反之为降序
);        

其中cmp是函数指针,cmp指向的是:排序时,用来比较两个元素的函数。需要自己编写。
参考链接:qsort排序

821.字符串中所有字符到某一个字符的最短距离

https://leetcode.cn/problems/shortest-distance-to-a-character/

  1. 找到单个字符到某一个字符的最短距离
  2. 遍历整个字符串

题解:

/**
 1. Note: The returned array must be malloced, assume caller calls free().
 */
int* shortestToChar(char * s, char c, int* returnSize){
    int size = strlen(s);
    *returnSize = size;
    int temp = 0;
    int *answer = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);

    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        answer[i] = 1000;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) { // 找出一个字符到某一个字符的最短距离
            if (s[j] == c) {
                int temp = abs(i - j);
                if (answer[i] > temp) {
                    answer[i] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
        printf("%d ", answer[i]);
    }

    return answer;
}
int* shortestToChar(char * s, char c, int* returnSize){
    int size = strlen(s);
    *returnSize = size;
    int temp = 0;
    int *answer = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);

    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        answer[i] = 1000;
    }
    int left = size;
    int right = size;
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        for (int j = i; j >= 0; j--) { // 向左找最近的字符c
            if (s[j] == c) {
                left = abs(i - j);
                break;
            }
        }
        for (int j = i; j < size; j++) { // 向右找最近的字符c
            if (s[j] == c) { 
                right = abs(i - j);
                break;
            }
        }

        answer[i] = left > right ? right : left;
        left = size;
        right = size;
        printf("%d ", answer[i]);
    }

    return answer;
}

217.存在重复元素

https://leetcode.cn/problems/contains-duplicate/

  1. 排序
  2. 遍历并判断相邻的两个元素是否相等

题解:

#include <stdlib.h>

int myCmp(const void * a, const void* b) {
    return (*(int*)a - *(int*)b);
}

bool containsDuplicate(int* nums, int numsSize){
    qsort(nums, numsSize, sizeof(nums[0]), myCmp);

    for (int i = 0; i < numsSize - 1; i++) {
        if (nums[i] == nums[i+1]) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

11月13日

  • sprintf 、itoa----- 可以将整数转换成字符串,
  • atoi -------- 可以将字符串转换成整数(0-10),数字字符串转换成整形数字

atoi函数参考链接:https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/2153891?from=15425

1281. 整数的各位积和之差

https://leetcode.cn/problems/subtract-the-product-and-sum-of-digits-of-an-integer/

  1. 将整数转换字符串
  2. 求和、求积 作差返回
int subtractProductAndSum(int n){
    char buf[10000];
    sprintf(buf, "%d", n);
    printf("%s\n", buf);
    int sum = 0;
    int b = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(buf); i++) {
        sum += buf[i] - '0';
        b *= buf[i] - '0';
    }

    return b - sum;
}

面试题 01.06. 字符串压缩

https://leetcode.cn/problems/compress-string-lcci/description/

53. 最大子数组和

https://leetcode.cn/problems/maximum-subarray/?envType=study-plan&id=shu-ju-jie-gou-ru-men&plan=data-structures&plan_progress=197r58g

  1. 找到包含自己的最大子数组和
  2. 遍历所有数数组
int maxSubArray(int* nums, int numsSize){
    // maxNums[0] = nums[0]
    // maxNums[i] = max(nums[i] + maxNUmx[i-1], num[i])
    // max = max(max, maxNums[i]);

    int* maxSum = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * numsSize);
    maxSum[0] = nums[0];
    int max = maxSum[0];

    for (int i = 1; i < numsSize; i++) {
        maxSum[i] = fmax(nums[i] + maxSum[i - 1], nums[i]);
        if (maxSum[i] > max) {
            max = maxSum[i];
        }
    }

    return max;
}

11月14日

202. 快乐数

https://leetcode.cn/problems/happy-number/description/
使用快慢指针来求解,fast 走两次,low走一次。快慢指针是处理有环退出问题的必杀技。


int myFuction(int n)
{   
    int ret = 0;
    while (n != 0) {
        int temp = n % 10;
        ret += temp * temp;
        n /= 10;
    }
    return ret;
}


bool isHappy(int n){
    int fast = n;
    int low = n;

    do {
        low = myFuction(low);
        fast = myFuction(fast);
        fast = myFuction(fast);
    } while (fast != low);

    if (fast == 1) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

643. 大小为k的最大子数组和

https://leetcode.cn/problems/maximum-average-subarray-i/description/

  • 使用滑动窗口保存k个数的和
double findMaxAverage(int* nums, int numsSize, int k){
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) { // 前k个数之和
        sum += nums[i];
    }

    int left = 0;
    int right = k;
    int temp = sum;
    
    while (right < numsSize) {
        temp += nums[right++] - nums[left++]; // 保存滑动窗口的和
        if (temp > sum) {   // 保存最大值到sum
            sum = temp;
        }
    }

    return sum / (double)k;
}

11月16日

349. 两个数组的交集

https://leetcode.cn/problems/intersection-of-two-arrays/description/
1、两个数组排序
2、双指针移动
3、相等时并判断此值与将要插入的值的前一个比较(相等不插入)。
4、那个小(升序就小,降序就大)就向下移动

int cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
{
    return *(int *)a - *(int *)b;
}

int* intersection(int* nums1, int nums1Size, int* nums2, int nums2Size, int* returnSize){
    qsort(nums1, nums1Size, sizeof(nums1[0]), cmp);
    qsort(nums2, nums2Size, sizeof(nums2[0]), cmp);

    int *ret = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * 1000);
    (*returnSize) = 0; // 返回数组的大小可以用做index
    int index1 = 0;
    int index2 = 0;

    while (index1 < nums1Size && index2 < nums2Size) {
        if (nums1[index1] == nums2[index2]) {
            // 保证ret的唯一性,将相同的值与将前一个ret中的值比较区重复
            if ((*returnSize == 0) || nums1[index1] != ret[*returnSize - 1]) {
                ret[(*returnSize)++] = nums1[index1];
            }
            index1++;
            index2++;
        } else if (nums1[index1] > nums2[index2]) {
            index2++;
        } else {
            index1++;
        }
        
    }
    
    return ret;
}

哈希数组映射解法
https://leetcode.cn/problems/intersection-of-two-arrays/solutions/1947189/349-liang-ge-shu-zu-de-jiao-ji-ha-xi-bia-w8hl/

350. 两个数组的交集 II

https://leetcode.cn/problems/intersection-of-two-arrays-ii/
使用哈希数组映射解法 — 针对有限的个数
1、初始化哈希数组
2、初始化哈希数组,value为key的个数
3、查找匹配,匹配到一个,value–

int* intersect(int* nums1, int nums1Size, int* nums2, int nums2Size, int* returnSize){

    int min = (nums1Size > nums2Size)? nums2Size : nums1Size;
    int hash[1001] = {0};
    int *ret = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * min);
    int index = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nums1Size; i++) {
        hash[nums1[i]]++;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < nums2Size; i++) {
        if (hash[nums2[i]] > 0) {
            ret[index++] = nums2[i];
            hash[nums2[i]]--;
        } 
    }

    (*returnSize) = index;
    return ret;
}

11月17日

1002. 查找共用字符

使用二维的哈希数组映射解法 — 针对有限的个数
https://leetcode.cn/problems/find-common-characters/description/

  1. 使用一个二维数组哈希表保存words中字符出现的次数
  2. 获取每一列的最小值 最小值为几就输出当前字符多少次

在这里插入图片描述

char ** commonChars(char ** words, int wordsSize, int* returnSize){
    
    char hash[101][26] = {0};
    int j = 0;
    int row = 0;
    // 使用一个二维数组哈希表保存words中字符出现的次数
    for (int i = 0; i < wordsSize; i++) {
        j = 0;
        while (words[i][j] != '\0') {
            hash[row][words[i][j] - 'a']++;
            j++;
        }
        row++;
    }
    // 二维数组的开辟 == 开辟一个指针数组
    char **ret = (char**)malloc(sizeof(char*) * 101);
    int ret_row = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 101; i++) {
        ret[i] = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*2);
        memset(ret[i], 0, 2);
    }
    // 获取每一列的最小值 最小值为几就输出当前字符多少次
    for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
        for (int k = 1; k < wordsSize; k++) {
            if (hash[0][i] > hash[k][i]) { // 把每一列的最小值放到第一行
                hash[0][i] = hash[k][i];
            }
        }
        for (int index = 0; index < hash[0][i]; index++) { // 输出到ret中
            ret[ret_row++][0] = i + 'a';
        }
    }
    *returnSize = ret_row;
    return ret;
}

更多hash类型的题目请参考
https://leetcode.cn/problems/find-common-characters/solutions/445914/1002-cha-zhao-chang-yong-zi-fu-ha-xi-fa-jing-dian-/

代码随想录编程

https://leetcode.cn/problems/remove-duplicates-from-sorted-array/

11月20日

26. 删除有序数组中的重复项

https://leetcode.cn/problems/remove-duplicates-from-sorted-array-ii/description/

  • 将要插入的元素 不等于新数组的最后一个元素时。直接插入
int removeDuplicates(int* nums, int numsSize){
    int slow = 0;
    int fast = 0;
    nums[slow] = nums[fast];
    for (fast = 1; fast < numsSize; fast++) {
        if (nums[slow] != nums[fast]) {
            nums[++slow] = nums[fast];
        }
    }
    return ++slow;
}

80. 删除有序数组中的重复项 II

https://leetcode.cn/problems/remove-duplicates-from-sorted-array-ii/submissions/383397313/

  • 将要插入的元素 不等于新数组的最后一个元素时。直接插入并标记为count = 1;
  • 将要插入的元素 等于新数组的最后一个元素时,判断是否count == 1 ;则添加进去,并将cont =1;
int removeDuplicates(int* nums, int numsSize){
    int count = 0;
    int slow = 0;
    int fast = 0;
    count = 1;
    for (fast = 1; fast < numsSize; fast++) {
        if (nums[slow] != nums[fast]) {
            nums[++slow] = nums[fast];
            count = 1;
        } else if (nums[slow] == nums[fast] && count == 1) {
            nums[++slow] = nums[fast];
            count = 0;
        }
    }

    return slow + 1;
}

12月06

203. 移除链表元素

https://leetcode.cn/problems/remove-linked-list-elements/description/

struct ListNode* removeElements(struct ListNode* head, int val){
    if (head == NULL) {
        return head;
    }
    struct ListNode *myHead = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
    myHead->next = head;
    struct ListNode *p = myHead;

    while (p->next != NULL) {
        // printf("%d \n", p->next->val);
        struct ListNode *temp = p->next;
        if (temp->val == val) {
            p->next = p->next->next;
            free(temp);
        } else {
            p = p->next;
        } 
    }

    return myHead->next;
}

206. 反转链表

https://leetcode.cn/problems/reverse-linked-list/description/

  • 转换为遍历链表将节点插入新的链表中
struct ListNode* reverseList(struct ListNode* head){
    struct ListNode *myHead = (struct ListNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode)); // 新链表的空头节点
    myHead->next = NULL;
    struct ListNode *tempHead = myHead;
    
    struct ListNode *temp;
    struct ListNode *p = head;
    while (p != NULL) { // 遍历链表
        temp = p;
        p = p->next;

        temp->next = tempHead->next; // 将原来链表中的节点插入新的链表中
        tempHead->next = temp;
    }

    return tempHead->next;
} 

24. 两两交换链表中的节点

https://leetcode.cn/problems/swap-nodes-in-pairs/description/

struct ListNode* swapPairs(struct ListNode* head){
    struct ListNode* myHead = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
    myHead->next = head;

    struct ListNode* temp = myHead;
    while (temp->next != NULL && temp->next->next != NULL) {
        struct ListNode* node_1 = temp->next;
        struct ListNode* node_2 = temp->next->next;

        temp->next = node_2; // 表示第0个节点的next指向第2个节点,
        node_1->next = node_2->next;// 表示将第一个节点的next指向第4个节点,
        node_2->next = node_1; // 表示将第二个节点的next 指向第1个节点
        temp = node_1;
    }

    return myHead->next;
}

siu

19. 删除链表的倒数第 N 个结点

https://leetcode.cn/problems/remove-nth-node-from-end-of-list/description/

struct ListNode* removeNthFromEnd(struct ListNode* head, int n){
    struct ListNode* myHead = (struct ListNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
    myHead->next = head;

    struct ListNode* p = myHead;
    int count = 0;

    while (p->next != NULL) {
        count++;
        p = p->next;
    }
    printf("%d\n", count);
    p = myHead;
    int num = count - n;
    while (num--) {
        p = p->next;
    }
    struct ListNode* temp = p->next;
    p->next = p->next->next;
    free(temp);

    return myHead->next;
}

面试题 02.07. 链表相交

https://leetcode.cn/problems/intersection-of-two-linked-lists-lcci/description/

 struct ListNode *Fuction(struct ListNode *headA, struct ListNode *headB)
 {
    while(headA->next != headB->next) {
        headA = headA->next;
        headB = headB->next;
    }
    if (headA->next == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return headA->next;
 }

struct ListNode *getIntersectionNode(struct ListNode *headA, struct ListNode *headB) {
    if (headA == NULL || headB == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    struct ListNode *pAHead = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
    struct ListNode *pBHead = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
    pAHead->next = headA;
    pBHead->next = headB;

    struct ListNode *pA = pAHead;
    struct ListNode *pB = pBHead;
    int size_a = 0;
    int size_b = 0;
    while (pA->next != NULL) {
        size_a++;
        pA = pA->next;
    }
    // printf("%d\n", size_a);
    while (pB->next != NULL) {
        size_b++;
        pB = pB->next;
    }
    // printf("%d\n", size_b);
    if (size_a > size_b) {
        for (int i = 0; i < size_a - size_b; i++) {
            pAHead = pAHead->next;
        }
    } else if (size_a < size_b) {
        for (int i = 0; i < size_b - size_a; i++) {
            pBHead = pBHead->next;
        }
    }

    return Fuction(pAHead, pBHead);
}

12月07日

142. 环形链表 II

https://leetcode.cn/problems/linked-list-cycle-ii/description/

struct ListNode *detectCycle(struct ListNode *head) {
    struct ListNode* myHead = (struct ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
    myHead->next = head;

    struct ListNode *p = myHead;
    while (p->next != NULL) {
        struct ListNode* temp = myHead;
        while(temp->next != p->next) { // 循环判断p->next->next 是否指向前面的节点
            if (temp->next == p->next->next) {
                return p->next->next;
            }
            temp = temp->next;
        }

        if (p->next == p->next->next) { // 判断自己指向自己的情况
            return p->next->next;
        }
        p = p->next;
    }

    return NULL;
}

59. 螺旋矩阵 II

https://leetcode.cn/problems/spiral-matrix-ii/description/

int** generateMatrix(int n, int* returnSize, int** returnColumnSizes){
    *returnSize = n;
    *returnColumnSizes = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*n);
    int** ret = (int**)malloc(sizeof(int*) * (*returnSize));
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        ret[i] = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * n);
        memset(ret[i], 0, sizeof(int) * n);
        (*returnColumnSizes)[i] = n;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            //printf("%d ", ret[i][i]);
        }
        //printf("\n");
    }
    int left = 0;
    int right = n - 1;
    int up = 0;
    int down = n -1;
    int index = 1;

    while (index <= n*n) {
        for(int i = left; i <= right; i++){
            ret[up][i] = index++;
            printf("%d ", ret[up][i]);
        }
        printf("\n");
        up++;
        for (int i = up; i <= down; i++) {
            ret[i][right] = index++;
            printf("%d ", ret[i][right]);
        }
        printf("\n");
        right--;
        for (int i = right; i >= left; i--) {
            ret[down][i] = index++;
            printf("%d ", ret[down][i]);
        }
        printf("\n");
        down--;
        for (int i = down; i >= up; i--) {
            ret[i][left] = index++;
            printf("%d ", ret[i][left]);
        }
        printf("\n");
        left++;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            printf("%d ", ret[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    return ret;
}
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