一、一对多的配置及懒加载查询
1、一对多
1.1、关联指的是类之间的引用关系。
如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。
1.2、一对多的关联：
例如：订单和订单项，一个订单有多个订单项， 但是一个订单项只有一个订单；
数据库：主表从表，通过外键关联
类：
class A{
B b;
}
class B{
}1.3、 示例：Order与Order_item（一个订单对应的多个订单项，但一个订单项只有一个订单）
实体类：Order
//注意：变量属性一定用接口进行接受
private Set<OrderItem> orderItems = new HashSet<>();
private Integer initOrderItems = 0;//0代表懒加载，1代表强制加载package com.smy.two.entity;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Order {
// create table t_hibernate_order
// (
// order_id int primary key auto_increment,
// order_no varchar(50) not null
// );
private Integer orderId;
private String orderNo;
//注意：变量属性一定用接口进行接受
private Set<OrderItem> orderItems = new HashSet<>();
private Integer initOrderItems = 0;//0代表懒加载，1代表强制加载
public Integer getInitOrderItems() {
return initOrderItems;
}
public void setInitOrderItems(Integer initOrderItems) {
this.initOrderItems = initOrderItems;
}
public Set<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
return orderItems;
}
public void setOrderItems(Set<OrderItem> orderItems) {
this.orderItems = orderItems;
}
public Integer getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
}实体类 ：OrderItem
package com.smy.two.entity;
public class OrderItem {
// create table t_hibernate_order_item
// (
// order_item_id int primary key auto_increment,
// product_id int not null,
// quantity int not null,
// oid int not null,
// foreign key(oid) references t_hibernate_order(order_id)
// );
private Integer orderItemId;
private Integer productId;
private Integer quantity;
private Integer oid;
private Order order;
public Order getOrder() {
return order;
}
public void setOrder(Order order) {
this.order = order;
}
public Integer getOrderItemId() {
return orderItemId;
}
public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
}
public Integer getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
this.productId = productId;
}
public Integer getQuantity() {
return quantity;
}
public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
this.quantity = quantity;
}
public Integer getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(Integer oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
}映射文件Order.hbm.xml
对于订单来说属于一对多 使用标签one-to-many class为订单项的全限定名
name属性是属性名 key表示外键列 ；
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.smy.two.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
<generator class="increment"></generator>
</id>
<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no"/>
<!--
cascade:级联属性配置
inverse：关联关系交给对方维护吗？
-->
<set name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<key column="oid"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.smy.two.entity.OrderItem"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>2、懒加载
工具类：sessionFactory
package com.zking.util;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
* 1、用来生产session会话的
* 2、用来测试你的hibernate配置是否正确
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class SessionFactoryUtil {
static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
static {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
}
public static Session getSession() {
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
if(session == null) {
session = sessionFactory.openSession();
}
return session;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
// Calling method 'isConnected' is not valid without an active transaction (Current status: NOT_ACTIVE)
session.beginTransaction();
System.out.println(session.isConnected());
session.close();
System.out.println(session.isConnected());
}
}Dao方法：OrderDao
package com.smy.two.Dao;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.smy.two.entity.Order;
import com.smy.two.entity.OrderItem;
import com.zking.util.SessionFactoryUtil;
public class OrderDao {
public Order get(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
// 并且想要查询出关联的订单项的数据是，采用强制加载
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitOrderItems())) {
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
// 强制加载订单关联的订单项数据
Hibernate.initialize(o.getInitOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
public List<Order> list() {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
for (Order o: list) {
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
public void delete(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
for(OrderItem oi:o.getOrderItems()) {
session.delete(oi);
}
session.delete(o);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
Dao方法：OrderItemDao
package com.smy.two.Dao;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.xhy.two.entity.OrderItem;
import com.zking.util.SessionFactoryUtil;
public class OrderItemDao {
public OrderItem get(OrderItem orderItem) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
OrderItem oi = session.get(OrderItem.class, orderItem.getOrderItemId());
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return oi;
}
}
配置hibernate.cfg.xml
<!-- 一对多 -->
<mapping resource="com/smy/two/entity/Order.hbm.xml" />
<mapping resource="com/smy/two/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml" />
测试：OrderDaoTest
package com.smy.two.Dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.smy.two.entity.Order;
public class OrderDaoTest {
private OrderDao orderDao = new OrderDao();
/**
* org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: com.zking.two.entity.Order.orderItems, could not initialize proxy - no Session
* 1.正常查询
* 2.懒加载异常错误
* 3.性能调优
*/
@Test
public void testGet() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(7);
// order.setInitOrderItems(1);
Order o = this.orderDao.get(order);
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
@Test
public void testList() {
List<Order> list = this.orderDao.list();
for (Order o : list) {
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems().size());
}
}
@Test
public void testDelete() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(6);
this.orderDao.delete(order);
}
}当运行testGet() 时，正常拿到订单，当解开注解需要一并拿到订单项时会报错
报错原因：默认使用懒加载，在执行完上面那个输出时就已经关闭session了，所以会报错，该错误是需要强制加载，就是强制加载与订单关联的订单项数据
解决：解开注释，并设置为 1 ，强制加载，订单关联的订单项数据全部呈现出来：
order.setInitOrderItems(1);性能调优（解释了hibernate默认采用懒加载的原因）
实际场景：
1、只使用订单表的数据——希望懒加载
2、需要同时使用订单以及当单项表数据——不希望懒加载
二、一对多的子关联
分析（模拟环境：树形菜单）：
一对多的自关联是指自己可以有多个子节点，但父节点只有一个，并且是在自己本身的表里
实体类：TreeNode
第一个为父节点（父节点只有一个）
第二个为子节点（子节点可能有多个所以用集合包起来）
第三个为懒加载（0为懒加载，1为强制加载）
private TreeNode parent;
private Set<TreeNode> children = new HashSet<TreeNode>();
private Integer initChildren = 0;package com.zking.two.entity;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class TreeNode {
private Integer nodeId;
private String nodeName;
private Integer treeNodeType;
private Integer position;
private String url;
private TreeNode parent;
private Set<TreeNode> children = new HashSet<TreeNode>();
private Integer initChildren = 0;
public Integer getNodeId() {
return nodeId;
}
public void setNodeId(Integer nodeId) {
this.nodeId = nodeId;
}
public String getNodeName() {
return nodeName;
}
public void setNodeName(String nodeName) {
this.nodeName = nodeName;
}
public Integer getTreeNodeType() {
return treeNodeType;
}
public void setTreeNodeType(Integer treeNodeType) {
this.treeNodeType = treeNodeType;
}
public Integer getPosition() {
return position;
}
public void setPosition(Integer position) {
this.position = position;
}
public String getUrl() {
return url;
}
public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
}
public TreeNode getParent() {
return parent;
}
public void setParent(TreeNode parent) {
this.parent = parent;
}
public Set<TreeNode> getChildren() {
return children;
}
public void setChildren(Set<TreeNode> children) {
this.children = children;
}
public Integer getInitChildren() {
return initChildren;
}
public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
this.initChildren = initChildren;
}
// @Override
// public String toString() {
// return "TreeNode [nodeId=" + nodeId + ", nodeName=" + nodeName + ", treeNodeType=" + treeNodeType
// + ", position=" + position + ", url=" + url + ", children=" + children + "]";
// }
@Override
public String toString() {
return "TreeNode [nodeId=" + nodeId + ", nodeName=" + nodeName + ", treeNodeType=" + treeNodeType
+ ", position=" + position + ", url=" + url + "]";
}
}Dao：TreeNodeDao
package com.zking.two.dao;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.zking.two.entity.TreeNode;
import com.zking.util.SessionFactoryUtil;
public class TreeNodeDao {
public TreeNode load(TreeNode treeNode) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtil.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
TreeNode t = session.load(TreeNode.class, treeNode.getNodeId());
if(t != null && new Integer(1).equals(treeNode.getInitChildren())) {
Hibernate.initialize(t.getChildren());
Hibernate.initialize(t.getParent());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return t;
}
}映射TreeNode.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.smy.two.entity.TreeNode" table="t_hibernate_sys_tree_node">
<id name="nodeId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="tree_node_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="nodeName" type="java.lang.String"
column="tree_node_name">
</property>
<property name="treeNodeType" type="java.lang.Integer"
column="tree_node_type">
</property>
<property name="position" type="java.lang.Integer"
column="position">
</property>
<property name="url" type="java.lang.String"
column="url">
</property>
<many-to-one name="parent" class="com.zking.two.entity.TreeNode" column="parent_node_id"/>
<set name="children" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<key column="parent_node_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.smy.two.entity.TreeNode"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
配置：hibernate.cfg.xml
<!-- 一对多的自关联 -->
<mapping resource="com/smy/two/entity/TreeNode.hbm.xml" /> 测试：
public void testLoad() {
TreeNode treeNode = new TreeNode();
treeNode.setNodeId(6);
treeNode.setInitChildren(1);
TreeNode t = this.treeNodeDao.load(treeNode);
System.out.println(t);//当前节点
System.out.println(t.getParent());//父节点
System.out.println(t.getChildren());//父节点的子节点
}
三、多对多
相当于是两个一对多，中间表里有两个表的外键，两个表分别与中间表都是一个一对多
table：中间表，中间表的数据由框架维护
name：关联属性
inverse：（true）反转，也就是中间表的数据由另一张表维护。
(false）也就是中间表的数据由自己维护
两张表都是false时，数据会产生两条
两张表都是true时，数据不会产生
一张表为false，一张表为true，数据能够正常维护
key:当前表的主键在中间表的外键
many-to-many：当前表的主键在中间表查出另一表的外键
book.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.smy.two.entity.Book" table="t_hibernate_book">
<!-- <cache usage="read-only" region="com.zking.five.entity.Book"/> -->
<id name="bookId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="book_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="bookName" type="java.lang.String"
column="book_name">
</property>
<property name="price" type="java.lang.Float"
column="price">
</property>
<set table="t_hibernate_book_category" name="categories" cascade="save-update" inverse="false">
<!-- one -->
<key column="bid"></key>
<!-- many -->
<many-to-many column="cid" class="com.smy.two.entity.Category"></many-to-many>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
category.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.smy.two.entity.TreeNode" table="t_hibernate_sys_tree_node">
<id name="nodeId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="tree_node_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="nodeName" type="java.lang.String"
column="tree_node_name">
</property>
<property name="treeNodeType" type="java.lang.Integer"
column="tree_node_type">
</property>
<property name="position" type="java.lang.Integer"
column="position">
</property>
<property name="url" type="java.lang.String"
column="url">
</property>
<many-to-one name="parent" class="com.smy.two.entity.TreeNode" column="parent_node_id"/>
<set name="children" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<key column="parent_node_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.smy.two.entity.TreeNode"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
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