Python类的简单尝试

class Car:
    """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试。"""

    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        """初始化描述汽车属性。"""
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odometer_reading = 23

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        """返回整洁的描述性信息。"""
        long_name = f"{self.year} {self.make} {self.model}"
        return long_name.title()

    def read_odometer(self):
        """打印一条指出汽车里程的消息。"""
        print(f"This car has {self.odometer_reading} miles on it.")

    def update_odometer(self, mileage):
        """
        将里程表读数设置为指定的值。
        禁止将里程表读数往回调。
        """
        if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
            self.odometer_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")

    def increment_odometer(self, miles):
        """将里程表读数增加指定的量。"""
        if miles >= 0:
            self.odometer_reading += miles
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")


class Battery:
    """一次模拟电动汽车电瓶的简单尝试。"""

    def __init__(self, battery_size=75):
        """初始化电瓶的属性。"""
        self.battery_size = battery_size

    def describe_battery(self):
        """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息."""
        print(f"This car has a {self.battery_size}-kwh battery.")

    def get_range(self):
        """打印一条消息，指出电瓶的续航里程。"""
        if self.battery_size == 75:
            range = 260
        elif self.battery_size == 100:
            range = 315

        print(f"This car can go about {range} miles on a full charge.")

    def upgrade_battery(self):
        """在可能的情况下将电瓶升级。"""
        if self.battery_size != 100:
            self.battery_size = 100
            print("Upgraded the battery to 100 kWh.")

        else:
            print("The battery is already upgraded.")


class ElectricCar(Car):
    """电动汽车的独特之处。"""

    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        """
        初始化父类的属性。
        再初始化电动汽车特有的属性。
        """
        super().__init__(make, model, year)
        self.battery = Battery()


print("Make an electric car, and check the battery:")
my_car = ElectricCar('audi', 'roadster', 2019)
my_car.battery.describe_battery()

print("\nUpgrade the battery, and check it again:")
my_car.battery.upgrade_battery()
my_car.battery.describe_battery()

print("\nTry upgrading the battery a second time.")
my_car.battery.upgrade_battery()
my_car.battery.describe_battery()