java-netty知识点笔记和注意事项
1. 如何获取ctx的id
使用ctx.ctx.toString()就可以了
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
//传来的消息包装成字节缓冲区
String byteBuf = (String) msg;
// ByteBuf byteBuf = (ByteBuf) msg;
//Netty提供了字节缓冲区的toString方法,并且可以设置参数为编码格式:CharsetUtil.UTF_8
System.out.println("客户端读取服务返回的数据:" + byteBuf+" and ctx is "+ctx.toString());
ctxOut=ctx;
RESPSTR=byteBuf;
}
结果如下
客户端读取服务返回的数据:0 and ctx is ChannelHandlerContext(NettyClientHandlerInner#0, [id: 0x59510140, L:/127.0.0.1:54769 - R:/127.0.0.1:1003])
2. 阻塞执行问题
在启动了连接server后,如果是封装到一个方法里,程序是不能往下执行的,如下
如果把nettyClientHandlerInner.sendMSG(“write:0”);放在了client.connectToServer(nettyClientHandlerInner);后面,程序是执行到connectToServer就不会往下执行了
NettyClientHandlerInner nettyClientHandlerInner=new NettyClientHandlerInner();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
nettyClientQA client = new nettyClientQA();
nettyClientHandlerInner.sendMSG("write:0");
client.connectToServer(nettyClientHandlerInner);
}
}).start();
上面代码执行到sendMSG的时候,会报错,因为还没有通道激活初始化,因此,解决暂时方法是,应该还有更好的解决方法,等后面想到了再更新
NettyClientHandlerInner nettyClientHandlerInner=new NettyClientHandlerInner();
nettyClientQA client = new nettyClientQA();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
nettyClientHandlerInner.sendMSG("write:0");
}
}).start();
client.connectToServer(nettyClientHandlerInner);
}
}).start();
3. 如何捕获client handler的异常
加个内部类即可
package sample.appfunction.netty;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LineBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class nettyClientQA {
public void connectToServer(NettyClientHandlerInner nettyClientHandler){
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); // (1)
b.group(workerGroup); // (2)
b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class); // (3)
b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); // (4)
b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(nettyClientHandler);
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ExceptionHandlingChannelHandler());
}
});
// Start the client.
ChannelFuture f = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 1003).sync(); // (5)
f.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) {
if (future.isSuccess()) {
// 连接成功,无需重连
System.out.println("connect to server success");
} else {
// 连接失败,进行重连
System.out.println("connect to server failed,try it again");
future.channel().eventLoop().schedule(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
b.connect(); // 重新连接服务端
}
}, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // 1秒后进行重连
}
}
});
// Wait until the connection is closed.
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public class ExceptionHandlingChannelHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
cause.printStackTrace(); // 打印异常堆栈跟踪
System.out.println("发生异常");
}
}
}
4. 在server handler的异常如何捕捉
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class NettyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { // (1)
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws IOException { // (2)
String byteBuf = (String) msg;
pubMSG=byteBuf;
// System.out.println("客户端发来的消息是:" + byteBuf);
System.out.println("收到连接的原信息 "+pubMSG);
if(byteBuf.contains("write:")){
currentValue=Integer.parseInt(byteBuf.split(":")[1]);
System.out.println("收到写入请求 "+currentValue);
}
if(byteBuf.contains("read")){
ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentValue+"\r\n", CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
System.out.println("收到读取请求 "+currentValue);
}
}
//数据读取完毕事件
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//数据读取完毕,将信息包装成一个Buffer传递给下一个Handler,Unpooled.copiedBuffer会返回一个Buffer
//调用的是事件处理器的上下文对象的writeAndFlush方法
//意思就是说将 你好 传递给了下一个handler
// ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("服务端已经读取消息完成!"+pubMSG+"\r\n", CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) { // (4)
// Close the connection when an exception is raised.
// cause.printStackTrace();
Channel channel = ctx.channel();
if(channel.isActive())ctx.close();
System.out.println(cause.getCause());
System.out.println(cause.getMessage());
}
}```