元胞自动机(Cellular Automaton)，复数为Cellular Automata，简称CA，也有人译为细胞自动机、点格自动机、分子自动机或单元自动机)。是一时间和空间都离散的动力系统。散布在规则格网 (Lattice Grid)中的每一元胞(Cell)取有限的离散状态，遵循同样的作用规则，依据确定的局部规则作同步更新。大量元胞通过简单的相互作用而构成精态系统的演化。由冯诺依曼在20世纪50年代发明。
其特点是时间、空间、状态都离散，每个变量只取有限多个状态，且其状态改变的规则在时间和空间上都是局部的。
将所有元胞自动机的动力学行为归纳为四大类(Wolfram. S.，1986):
⑴平稳型:自任何初始状态开始，经过一定时间运行后，元胞空间趋于一个空间平稳的构形，这里空间平稳即指每一个元胞处于固定状态。不随时间变化而变化。
⑵周期型：经过一定时间运行后，元胞空间趋于一系列简单的固定结构(Stable Patterns)或周期结构(Perlodical Patterns)。由于这些结构可看作是一种 滤波器(Filter)，故可应用到 图像处理的研究中。
⑶混沌型：自任何初始状态开始，经过一定时间运行后，元胞自动机表现出混沌的非周期行为，所生成的结构的统计特征不再变止，通常表现为分形 分维特征。
⑷复杂型：出现复杂的局部结构，或者说是局部的混沌，其中有些会不断地传播。
上述分类，又可以分别描述为( 谭跃进，1996； 谢惠民，1994；李才伟、1997)；
⑴均匀状态，即点态 吸引子，或称不动点；
⑵简单的周期结构，即周期性吸引子，或称周期轨；
⑶混沌的非周期性模式，即混沌吸引子；
⑷这第四类行为可以与 生命系统等复杂系统中的 自组织现象相比拟，但在 连续系统中没有相对应的模式。但从研究元胞自动机的角度讲，最具研究价值的具有第四类行为的元胞自动机，因为这类元胞自动机被认为具有"突现计算"(Emergent Computation)功能，研究表明，可以用作广义计算机(Universal Computer)以 仿真任意复杂的计算过程。另外，此类元胞自动机在发展过程中还表现出很强的不可逆(lrreversibility)特征，而且，这种元胞自动机在若干有限循环后，有可能会 "死"掉，即所有元胞的状态变为零。
``` function varargout = ES(varargin)
% ES MATLAB code for ES.fig
% ES, by itself, creates a new ES or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = ES returns the handle to a new ES or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% ES('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in ES.M with the given input arguments.
%
% ES('Property','Value',...) creates a new ES or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before ES_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to ES_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help ES
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 24-Nov-2014 16:51:08
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
guiState = struct('guiName', mfilename, ...
'guiSingleton', guiSingleton, ...
'guiOpeningFcn', @ESOpeningFcn, ...
'guiOutputFcn', @ESOutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
guiState.guiCallback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = guimainfcn(guiState, varargin{:});
else
guimainfcn(guiState, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before ES is made visible.
function ES_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to ES (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for ES
handles.output = hObject;
handles.Img = 0;
handles.ParentImg = 0;
handles.OffspringImg = 0;
handles.Parent = cell(1, 8);
handles.Parent{1} = zeros(1, 3); % Birth
handles.Parent{2} = zeros(1, 3); % Level
handles.Parent{3} = zeros(1, 3); % number of Pattern Pos
handles.Parent{4} = cell(1, 3); % PosH
handles.Parent{5} = cell(1, 3); % PosW
handles.Parent{6} = zeros(1, 3); % Cell Generation
handles.Parent{7} = cell(1, 3); % Pattern
handles.Offspring = cell(1, 8);
handles.Offspring{1} = zeros(1, 3); % Birth
handles.Offspring{2} = zeros(1, 3); % Level
handles.Offspring{3} = zeros(1, 3); % number of Pattern Pos
handles.Offspring{4} = cell(1, 3); % PosH
handles.Offspring{5} = cell(1, 3); % PosW
handles.Offspring{6} = zeros(1, 3); % Cell Generation
handles.Offspring{7} = cell(1, 3); % Pattern
handles.Boundary = cell(1, 7); % Birth, Level, # of CellBlocks, MinCAG, MaxCAG, Image Size
handles.GenerationCount = 0;
if exist('iES', 'dir') ~= 7
mkdir('iES');
end
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes ES wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = ES_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
function BirthVal_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to BirthVal (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of BirthVal as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of BirthVal as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function BirthVal_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to BirthVal (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function LevelVal_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to LevelVal (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of LevelVal as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of LevelVal as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function LevelVal_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to LevelVal (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function CellBlocksVal_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to CellBlocksVal (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of CellBlocksVal as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of CellBlocksVal as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function CellBlocksVal_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to CellBlocksVal (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function MinCAGVal_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to MinCAGVal (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of MinCAGVal as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of MinCAGVal as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function MinCAGVal_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to MinCAGVal (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
function MaxCAGVal_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to MaxCAGVal (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of MaxCAGVal as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of MaxCAGVal as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function MaxCAGVal_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to MaxCAGVal (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on button press in ImgRead.
function ImgRead_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to ImgRead (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% [filename, user_canceled] = imgetfile;
% if user_canceled
% return;
% end
filename = 'lenna.png';
Img = imread(filename);
handles.Img = Img;
axes(handles.Original);
image(double(handles.Img)/255);
guidata(hObject, handles);
% --- Executes on button press in Sellambda.
function Sellambda_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Sellambda (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
imwrite(handles.ParentImg, ['iEA/G', num2str(handles.GenerationCount), '.jpg']);
[handles.Offspring, cc] = Mutation(handles.Parent, handles.Boundary);
guidata(hObject, handles);
offspring = handles.ParentImg;
[offspring(:, :, cc), ta, tb, tc, td, te] = GUILogicRule(handles.Img, cc, handles.Offspring{1}(cc), handles.Offspring{2}(cc), handles.Offspring{3}(cc), handles.Offspring{6}(cc), 1, handles.Offspring{4}{cc}, handles.Offspring{5}{cc}, handles.Offspring{7}{cc});
axes(handles.mu);
image(offspring);
handles.GenerationCount = handles.GenerationCount +1;
handles.OffspringImg = offspring;
guidata(hObject, handles);
set(handles.Generation, 'string', strcat('Generation: ', num2str(handles.GenerationCount)));
% --- Executes on button press in Selmu.
function Selmu_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Selmu (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
imwrite(handles.OffspringImg, ['iEA/G', num2str(handles.GenerationCount), '.jpg']);
[handles.Parent, cc] = Mutation(handles.Offspring, handles.Boundary);
guidata(hObject, handles);
Parent = handles.OffspringImg;
[Parent(:, :, cc), ta, tb, tc, td, te] = GUILogicRule(handles.Img, cc, handles.Parent{1}(cc), handles.Parent{2}(cc), handles.Parent{3}(cc), handles.Parent{6}(cc), 1, handles.Parent{4}{cc}, handles.Parent{5}{cc}, handles.Parent{7}{cc});
axes(handles.lambda);
image(Parent);
handles.GenerationCount = handles.GenerationCount +1;
handles.ParentImg = Parent;
guidata(hObject, handles);
set(handles.Generation, 'string', strcat('Generation: ', num2str(handles.GenerationCount)));
% --- Executes on button press in Start.
function Start_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to Start (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
handles.GenerationCount = 1;
Parent = zeros(size(handles.Img));
Sz = size(handles.Img);
Birth = str2double(get(handles.BirthVal, 'string'));
Level = str2double(get(handles.LevelVal, 'string'));
NumCellBlocks = str2double(get(handles.CellBlocksVal, 'string'));
MinCAG = str2double(get(handles.MinCAGVal, 'string'));
MaxCAG = str2double(get(handles.MaxCAGVal, 'string'));
for cc=1:3
CellGen = randi([MinCAG, MaxCAG]);
PosH = randi([1, Sz(1)], 1, NumCellBlocks);
PosW = randi([1, Sz(2)], 1, NumCellBlocks);
[Parent(:, :, cc), handles.Parent{6}(cc), handles.Parent{1}(cc), handles.Parent{2}(cc), handles.Parent{3}(cc), handles.Parent{7}{cc}] = GUILogicRule(handles.Img, cc, Birth, Level, NumCellBlocks, CellGen, 0, PosH, PosW, 0);
handles.Parent{4}{cc} = PosH;
handles.Parent{5}{cc} = PosW;
guidata(hObject, handles);
end
handles.Boundary{1} = Birth;
handles.Boundary{2} = Level;
handles.Boundary{3} = NumCellBlocks;
handles.Boundary{4} = MinCAG;
handles.Boundary{5} = MaxCAG;
handles.Boundary{6} = Sz(1);
handles.Boundary{7} = Sz(2);
guidata(hObject, handles);
handles.Offspring = Mutation(handles.Parent, handles.Boundary);
guidata(hObject, handles);
offspring = zeros(Sz);
for cc=1:3
[offspring(:, :, cc), ta, tb, tc, td, te] = GUILogicRule(handles.Img, cc, handles.Offspring{1}(cc), handles.Offspring{2}(cc), handles.Offspring{3}(cc), handles.Offspring{6}(cc), 1, handles.Offspring{4}{cc}, handles.Offspring{5}{cc}, handles.Offspring{7}{cc});
end
handles.ParentImg = Parent;
handles.OffspringImg = offspring;
guidata(hObject, handles);
axes(handles.lambda);
image(Parent);
axes(handles.mu);
image(offspring);
set(handles.Generation, 'string', strcat('Generation: ', num2str(handles.GenerationCount))); ```
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