1 模型
本文提出了一种语音增强算法，该算法以基于先验信噪比估计的维纳滤波法为基础。通过计算无声段的统计平均得到初始噪声功率谱,并平滑处理初始噪声功率谱和带噪语音功率谱，更新了噪声功率谱；最后，考虑了某频率点处噪声急剧增大的情况，做了相关验证，该算法能有效地抑制变化范围不大或是稳定的噪声，但是对实际中的变化范围很广的噪声效果不是很好。
1.1 语音增强的相关概念
嵌在语音系统中，语音信号不可避免的会受到周围噪声的干扰，从而影响语音的质量与可懂度。
语音增强：其实就是带噪语音中提取尽可能纯净的语音，改善语音质量和可懂度，提高噪声环境下语音通信系统的性能。
噪声都随机产生的，不可能完全消除。语音增强的目标是：减弱噪声、消除背景噪声、改进语音质量、使听着乐于接受，提高语音可懂度。
1.2 语音增强的相关算法
由于噪声来源众多，特性各不相同。语音增强处理系统的应用场合千差万别。
因此，不存在一种可以通用于各种噪声环境的语音增强算法。针对不同的环境，采取不同的语音增强算法。
语音增强算法按处理方式可以分为：基于语音周期性的增强算法，基于全极点模型的增强算法，基于短时谱估计的增强算法，基于信号子空间的增强算法和
基于HMM的增强算法。
从目前的发展来看，基于短时谱估计的方法是最有效的方法。具体包括谱减法、维纳滤波、最小均方误差短时谱幅度估计法（MMSE-STSA）和最小均方误差对数谱幅度估计法（MMSE-LSA）。本文主要讨论使用维纳滤波器实现语音的增强处理。
2 部分代码
function varargout = adsp_project(varargin)
% ADSP_PROJECT MATLAB code for adsp_project.fig
% ADSP_PROJECT, by itself, creates a new ADSP_PROJECT or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = ADSP_PROJECT returns the handle to a new ADSP_PROJECT or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% ADSP_PROJECT('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in ADSP_PROJECT.M with the given input arguments.
%
% ADSP_PROJECT('Property','Value',...) creates a new ADSP_PROJECT or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before adsp_project_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to adsp_project_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help adsp_project
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 15-Dec-2014 18:26:21
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @adsp_project_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @adsp_project_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before adsp_project is made visible.
function adsp_project_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to adsp_project (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for adsp_project
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes adsp_project wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = adsp_project_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global xk;
global fs;
global noise_type;
noise_type=1;
[FileName,PathName] = uigetfile('*.wav','Select the voice-file');
[x,fs]=wavread(FileName);
ls=length(x);
xk=x(1:ls);
set(handles.text_fs,'string',num2str(fs));
set(handles.text_ls,'string',num2str(ls));
axes(handles.axes_freq);
%xaxis1=linspace(0,0.5,250);
plot(abs(fft(xk))); %xk 音频的句柄 用来做按键响应函数
axis([0,14000,0,300]) ;
axes(handles.axes_wave);
%xaxis1=linspace(0,0.5,250);
h_xk=plot(xk); %xk 音频的句柄 用来做按键响应函数
axis([0,30000,-1.5,1.5]) ;
set(h_xk,'ButtonDownFcn',@axes_waveCallback);
%grid on;
%set(gca,'xtick',(0:0.02:0.5),'ytick',[0:100:500]);
%axis([0.25 0.45 0 500]);
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global xk;
global SNR;
global fs;
global xs;
global noise_type;
noise_type=1;%高斯噪声
SNR_slider=get(handles.slider_SNR,'value');
SNR_slider=floor(SNR_slider);
SNR=num2str(SNR_slider);
set(handles.text_snr,'string',SNR);
xs=awgn(xk,SNR_slider,0);%加入高斯白噪声，信噪比30
axes(handles.axes_freq);
plot(abs(fft(xs))); %xk 音频的句柄 用来做按键响应函数
axis([0,14000,0,300]) ;
axes(handles.axes_noise);
h_xs=plot(xs);
axis([0,30000,-1.5,1.5]) ;
set(h_xs,'ButtonDownFcn',@axes_noiseCallback);
% hObject handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton3.
% hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes on selection change in popupmenu1.
function popupmenu1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popupmenu1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,'String')) returns popupmenu1 contents as cell array
% contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from popupmenu1
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function popupmenu1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popupmenu1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: popupmenu controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on key press with focus on pushbutton1 and none of its controls.
function pushbutton1_KeyPressFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata structure with the following fields (see UICONTROL)
%Key: name of the key that was pressed, in lower case
%Character: character interpretation of the key(s) that was pressed
%Modifier: name(s) of the modifier key(s) (i.e., control, shift) pressed
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- If Enable == 'on', executes on mouse press in 5 pixel border.
% --- Otherwise, executes on mouse press in 5 pixel border or over pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_ButtonDownFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes on slider movement.
function slider2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to slider2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
% get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine range of slider
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function slider2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to slider2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end
% --- Executes on slider movement.
function slider_SNR_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global xk;
global SNR;
global xs;
global noise_type;
global realtime_filter_flag;
if noise_type==1
SNR_slider=get(handles.slider_SNR,'value');
SNR_slider=floor(SNR_slider);
SNR=num2str(SNR_slider);
set(handles.text_snr,'string',SNR);
xs=awgn(xk,SNR_slider,0);%加入高斯白噪声，信噪比30
axes(handles.axes_freq);
plot(abs(fft(xs))); %xk 音频的句柄 用来做按键响应函数
axis([0,14000,0,300]) ;
axes(handles.axes_noise);
h_xs=plot(xs);
axis([0,30000,-1.5,1.5]) ;
set(h_xs,'ButtonDownFcn',@axes_noiseCallback);
else
xs=xk;
SNR_slider=get(handles.slider_SNR,'value');
SNR_slider=floor(SNR_slider);
SNR=num2str(SNR_slider);
set(handles.text_snr,'string',SNR);
step=2500;
lenth=800;
xs(1:2000)=awgn(xk(1:2000),SNR_slider,0); %最前面的底噪 不然segment出错
for i=3:8
xs(i*step:i*step+lenth)=awgn(xk(i*step:i*step+lenth),SNR_slider,0);%加入高斯白噪声，信噪比30
end
axes(handles.axes_freq);
plot(abs(fft(xs))); %xk 音频的句柄 用来做按键响应函数
axis([0,14000,0,300]) ;
axes(handles.axes_noise);
h_xs=plot(xs);
axis([0,30000,-1.5,1.5]) ;
set(h_xs,'ButtonDownFcn',@axes_noiseCallback);
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%维纳滤波
global fs;
global filtered;
global flen;
global freq_uf;
global freq_f;
global filtered_flag;
if realtime_filter_flag==1;
flen=get(handles.f_lenth_slider,'value'); %每帧长度
FLEN=num2str(flen);
set(handles.text_f_lenth,'string',FLEN);
%
[filtered,freq_uf,freq_f]=WienerScalart96m(xs,fs,0.25,flen);%freq_uf 滤波前 freq_f 滤波后
filtered_flag=1;
axes(handles.axes_freq);
plot(abs(fft(filtered))); %xk 音频的句柄 用来做按键响应函数
axis([0,14000,0,300]) ;
axes(handles.axes_cleaned);
h_filtered=plot(filtered);
axis([0,30000,-1.5,1.5]) ;
set(h_filtered,'ButtonDownFcn',@axes_filteredCallback);
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%维纳滤波
% hObject handle to slider_SNR (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
% get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine range of slider
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function slider_SNR_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to slider_SNR (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end
% --- Executes on slider movement.
function slider5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to slider5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
% get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine range of slider
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function slider5_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to slider5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end
% --- Executes on slider movement.
function pre_noice_slider_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global fs;
global xs;
global filtered;
global flen;
global pre_noice;
global filtered_flag;
pre_noice=get(handles.pre_noice_slider,'value');%前导噪声
flen=get(handles.f_lenth_slider,'value'); %每帧长度
FLEN=num2str(flen);
PRE_NOICE=num2str(pre_noice);
set(handles.text_f_lenth,'string',FLEN);
set(handles.pre_noice_text,'string',PRE_NOICE);
%
[filtered,freq_uf,freq_f]=WienerScalart96m(xs,fs,0.25,flen);%freq_uf 滤波前 freq_f 滤波后
filtered_flag=1;
axes(handles.axes_cleaned);
h_filtered=plot(filtered);
axis([0,30000,-1.5,1.5]) ;
set(h_filtered,'ButtonDownFcn',@axes_filteredCallback);
% hObject handle to pre_noice_slider (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
% get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine range of slider
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function pre_noice_slider_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pre_noice_slider (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end
% --- Executes on selection change in popupmenu2.
function popupmenu2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popupmenu2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,'String')) returns popupmenu2 contents as cell array
% contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from popupmenu2
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function popupmenu2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popupmenu2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: popupmenu controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
% --- Executes on slider movement.
function f_lenth_slider_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global fs;
global xs;
global filtered;
global flen;
global freq_uf;
global freq_f;
global filtered_flag;
flen=get(handles.f_lenth_slider,'value'); %每帧长度
FLEN=num2str(flen);
set(handles.text_f_lenth,'string',FLEN);
[filtered,freq_uf,freq_f]=WienerScalart96m(xs,fs,0.25,flen);%freq_uf 滤波前 freq_f 滤波后
filtered_flag=1;;%freq_uf 滤波前 freq_f 滤波后
axes(handles.axes_freq);
plot(abs(fft(filtered))); %xk 音频的句柄 用来做按键响应函数
axis([0,14000,0,300]) ;
axes(handles.axes_cleaned);
h_filtered=plot(filtered);
axis([0,30000,-1.5,1.5]) ;
set(h_filtered,'ButtonDownFcn',@axes_filteredCallback);
% hObject handle to f_lenth_slider (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
% get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine range of slider
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function f_lenth_slider_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to f_lenth_slider (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton3.
function pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global fs;
global xs;
global filtered;
global flen;
global freq_uf;
global freq_f;
global filtered_flag;
flen=get(handles.f_lenth_slider,'value'); %每帧长度
FLEN=num2str(flen);
set(handles.text_f_lenth,'string',FLEN);
%
[filtered,freq_uf,freq_f]=WienerScalart96m(xs,fs,0.25,flen);%freq_uf 滤波前 freq_f 滤波后
filtered_flag=1;%freq_uf 滤波前 freq_f 滤波后
axes(handles.axes_freq);
plot(abs(fft(filtered))); %xk 音频的句柄 用来做按键响应函数
axis([0,14000,0,300]) ;
axes(handles.axes_cleaned);
h_filtered=plot(filtered);
axis([0,30000,-1.5,1.5]) ;
set(h_filtered,'ButtonDownFcn',@axes_filteredCallback);
% hObject handle to pushbutton3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes during object deletion, before destroying properties.
function pushbutton1_DeleteFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes on mouse press over axes background.
function axes_wave_ButtonDownFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to axes_wave (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function axes_waveCallback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global fs;
global xk;
sound(xk,fs);
function axes_noiseCallback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global fs;
global xs;
sound(xs,fs);
function axes_filteredCallback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global fs;
global filtered;
sound(filtered,fs);
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function axes_wave_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to axes_wave (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: place code in OpeningFcn to populate axes_wave
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton4.
function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global xk;
global SNR;
global fs;
global xs;
global noise_type;
noise_type=2;
xs=xk;
SNR_slider=get(handles.slider_SNR,'value');
SNR_slider=floor(SNR_slider);
SNR=num2str(SNR_slider);
set(handles.text_snr,'string',SNR);
step=2500;
lenth=800;
xs(1:2000)=awgn(xk(1:2000),SNR_slider,0);
for i=3:8
xs(i*step:i*step+lenth)=awgn(xk(i*step:i*step+lenth),SNR_slider,0);%加入高斯白噪声，信噪比30
end
axes(handles.axes_freq);
plot(abs(fft(xs))); %xk 音频的句柄 用来做按键响应函数
axis([0,14000,0,300]) ;
axes(handles.axes_noise);
h_xs=plot(xs);
axis([0,30000,-1.5,1.5]) ;
set(h_xs,'ButtonDownFcn',@axes_noiseCallback);
% hObject handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton5.
function pushbutton5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global realtime_filter_flag;
string1='实时滤波';
string2=' 开';
string3=' 关';
if realtime_filter_flag==1
realtime_filter_flag=0;
set(handles.pushbutton5,'string',[string1 string3]);
else
set(handles.pushbutton5,'string',[string1 string2]);
realtime_filter_flag=1;
end
% hObject handle to pushbutton5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton6.
function pushbutton6_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
global flen;
global xk;
global xs;
global filtered;
global fs;
global freq_uf;
global freq_f;
global filtered_flag;
if(filtered_flag)
figure(1);
a=size(freq_uf);%获取矩阵大小
subplot(1,2,1);
imagesc(0:1:a(1),0:1:a(2),freq_uf);
title('滤波前');
subplot(1,2,2);
b=size(freq_f);%获取矩阵大小
imagesc(0:1:b(1),0:1:b(2),freq_f);
title('滤波后');
else
errordlg('请先进行滤波','MATLAB error') ;
end
% specgram(xk,flen,fs,flen,2*flen/5);
%
% figure(2);
% specgram(xs,flen,fs,flen,2*flen/5);
%
% figure(3);
% specgram(filtered,flen,fs,flen,2*flen/5);
% hObject handle to pushbutton6 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
3 仿真结果
4 参考文献
[1]张亮, 龚卫国. 一种改进的维纳滤波语音增强算法[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2010(26):133-135.
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