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⛄ 内容介绍
一种基于灰狼算法优化LSTM的网络流量预测方法,属于网络流量预测领域,该方法包括以下步骤:对第一网络流量数据集进行极差标准化处理,得到第二网络流量数据集,并划分为训练集和测试集,并确定灰狼算法优化LSTM神经网络中输入层单元个数,输出层单元个数和隐藏层单元个数;用得到第二网络流量数据集,在过程中利用灰狼算法来优化LSTM神经网络的参数,得到训练完成的决策算法优化LSTM神经网络;灰狼优化算法可以有效解决优化中的求解问题,可应用于工程,经济,调度等问题求解.灰狼优化算法利用自身的全局最优能力弥补传统LSTM容易收敛于局部最优解的缺点,提高LSTM避免局部最优能力;加快LSTM神经网络参数收速度.实验证明,灰狼算法优化LSTM能够有效减少神经网络的训练时间,提高了股价预测精度.
LSTM 是循环神经网络中的一个特殊网络，它能够很好的处理序列信息并从中学习有效特征，它把以往的神经单元用一个记忆单元( memory cell) 来代替，解决了以往循环神经网络在梯度反向传播中遇到的爆炸和衰减问题． 一个记忆单元利用了输入门 it、一个记忆细胞 ct、一个忘记门 ft、一个输出门 ot 来控制历史信息的储存记忆，在每次输入后会有一个当前状态 ht，ht 计算如下:
其中，xt 为 t 时刻输入的情感词向量，σ 为 sigmoid 函数， 代表向量对应元素依次相乘，其中水电费 Wi，Ui，Vi，bi， Wg，Ug，bg，Wo，Uo，Vo，bo 为 LSTM 参数.
⛄ 部分代码
clc
clear all
close all hidden
disp('****************************ANTENNA DIPOLE PROJECT******************************')
disp(' farshid.azhir ')
disp('NOTICE!:This project includes 3type of dipole 1)INFINITESIMALE DIPOLE')
disp(' 2)SMALL DIPOLE')
disp(' 3)FINIT LENGHT DIPOLE')
F=input('Please Enter Frequency F(Hz)=\n');
disp('----------------')
lambda=(3e8/F)
disp('----------------')
L=input('Please Enter length L(meter)=\n');
disp('----------------')
I=input('Please Enter Current(Amplitude) I0=');
T=input('Please Enter current(Phase) theta=');
i=I.*exp(j.*T)
disp(' ')
w=2.*pi.*F;
B=2*pi/lambda;
etha=377;
if L<=lambda/50
disp('~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~INFINITESIMALE DIPOLE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~')
r=1000*lambda/(2*pi);
x=0:0.0005:pi;
q=0:0.001:2*pi;
E=(1./(4.*pi.*r)).*etha.*B.*I.*L.*sin(x).*cos((2.*pi.*F).*q-B.*r+pi./2+T);
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(x,E)
title('Electric Field')
H=(1./(4.*pi.*r)).*B.*I.*L.*sin(x).*cos((2.*pi.*F).*q-B.*r+pi./2+T);
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(x,H)
title('Magnetic Field')
subplot(2,2,3)
P=sin(x);
polar(x,P)
hold on
p=sin(-x);
polar(x,p)
view(-270,-90)
title('Antenna pattern')
disp('************************** Resistance density(Rr)= ***************************')
Rr=80.*(pi).*(pi).*(L/lambda)^2
disp('************************** Directivity= ****************************************')
D=3/2
%current plot
subplot(2,2,4)
z=-L/2:0.001:L/2;
ii=I.*cos(2.*pi.*F.*z+T);
plot(ii,z)
title('Current distribution')
figure
% 1.- 3-D Mesh: Azimut & Elevation
%----------------------------------
n_tehta = 130; % Samples on Elevation
n_phi = 130; % Samples on Azimut
[tehta,phi]=meshgrid(eps:pi./(n_tehta-1):pi,...
0:2*pi./(n_phi-1):2*pi) ;
radio = sin(tehta);
X=radio.*sin(tehta).*cos(phi);
Y=radio.*sin(tehta).*sin(phi);
Z=radio.*cos(tehta);
surf(X,Y,Z)
camlight right
light
shading interp
colorbar
axis image
rotate3D on
TITLE('3D-Pattern plot')
elseif (L>lambda/50)&(L<=lambda/10)
%SMALL DIPOLE
%CALCULATE-------------------------------------------------------
disp('~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SMALL DIPOLE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~')
r=1000*lambda/(2*pi);
x=0:0.0005:pi;
q=0:0.001:2*pi;
E=(1./(8.*pi.*r)).*etha.*B.*I.*L.*sin(x).*cos(((w).*q)-B.*r+pi./2+T);
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(x,E)
title('Electric Field')
H=(1./(8.*pi.*r)).*B.*I.*L.*sin(x).*cos(((w).*q)-B.*r+pi./2+T);
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(x,H)
title('Magnetic Field')
subplot(2,2,3)
P=sin(x);
polar(x,P)
hold on
p=sin(-x);
polar(x,p)
view(-270,-90)
title('Antenna pattern')
disp('************************** Resistance density(Rr)= ***************************')
Rr=20.*(pi).*(pi).*(L/lambda).^2
disp('************************** Directivity= ****************************************')
D=3/2
subplot(2,2,4)
z=0:0.000001:L/2;
ii=I.*cos(2.*pi.*F.*z+T).*(1-(2/L).*z);
plot(ii,z)
hold on
z=-L/2:0.000001:0;
ii=I.*cos(2.*pi.*F.*z+T).*(1+(2/L).*z);
plot(ii,z)
figure
% 1.- 3-D Mesh: Azimut & Elevation
n_tehta = 130; % Samples on Elevation
n_phi = 130; % Samples on Azimut
[tehta,phi]=meshgrid(eps:pi./(n_tehta-1):pi,...
0:2*pi./(n_phi-1):2*pi) ;
radio = sin(tehta);
X=radio.*sin(tehta).*cos(phi);
Y=radio.*sin(tehta).*sin(phi);
Z=radio.*cos(tehta);
surf(X,Y,Z)
camlight right
light
shading interp
colorbar
axis image
rotate3D on
TITLE('3D-Pattern plot')
else
disp('~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FINITE LENGTH DIPOLE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~')
r=1000000*lambda/(2*pi);
x=eps:0.001:2*pi;
q=eps:0.001:2*pi;
A=cos(B.*L/2);
p=cos(cos(x).*B.*L/2)-A;
m=p./sin(x);
E=(1./(2.*pi.*r)).*etha.*B.*I.*L.*m.*cos(((w).*q)-B.*r+pi./2+T);
subplot(2,3,1)
plot(x,E)
title('Electric Field')
H=(1./(2.*pi.*r)).*B.*I.*L.*m.*cos(((w).*q)-B.*r+pi./2+T);
subplot(2,3,2)
plot(x,H)
title('Magnetic Field')
subplot(2,3,3)
polar(x,m,'r')
hold on
m=-p./sin(x);
polar(x,m,'r')
view(-270,-90)
title('Antenna pattern')
subplot(2,3,4)
z=0:0.00001:L/2;
ii=I.*cos((w).*z+T).*(sin(B.*(-z+L/2)));
plot(ii,z)
hold on
z=-L/2:0.00001:0;
ii=I.*cos((w).*z+T).*(sin(B.*(z+L/2)));
plot(ii,z)
grid on
title('Current Distribution')
disp('************************** Resistance density(Rr)= ***************************')
rr=(0.5772+log(B*L))-cosint(B*L);
ro=rr+(1/2).*sin(B*L)*(sinint(2*B*L)-2*sinint(B*L));
Q=ro+(1/2).*cos(B*L)*(0.5772+log(B*L/2)+cosint(2*B*L)-2*cosint(B*L));
Rr=(etha/(2*pi)).*Q
subplot(2,3,5)
D=2.*(m.^2)./Q;
polar(x,D,'k')
view(-270,-90)
title('Directivity')
figure
% 1.- 3-D Mesh: Azimut & Elevation
n_tehta = 130; % Samples on Elevation
n_phi = 130; % Samples on Azimut
[tehta,phi]=meshgrid(eps:pi./(n_tehta-1):pi,...
0:2*pi./(n_phi-1):2*pi) ;
Bas = L/lambda; % Half Wave Dipole
Num = cos(pi*Bas*cos(tehta))-cos(pi*Bas);
Den = sin(tehta);
radio = Num./Den;
X=radio.*sin(tehta).*cos(phi);
Y=radio.*sin(tehta).*sin(phi);
Z=radio.*cos(tehta);
surf(X,Y,Z)
camlight right
light
shading interp
colorbar
axis image
rotate3D on
TITLE('3D-Pattern plot')
end
disp(' ')
disp('press any key to go to manipulation of feeder section')
pause
%-------------------manipulation of feeder--------
clc
close all hidden
disp('....................................change posision of feeder...........................')
f=input('Enter Frequency:\n');
disp('------------------------------------------------------------')
lambda=3e8/f
disp('------------------------------------------------------------')
L=input('Enter L(length of dipole:\n');
disp('Please enter any key to continue...')
pause
disp('------------------------------------------------------------')
disp('L/2')
L/2
disp('------------------------------------------------------------')
i=input('current:\n');
b=2*pi/lambda;
n=L/(lambda/2);
if n<=1;
disp('dipole antenna is lambda/2 or smaller ')
disp('---------------------------------------')
h=input('position of feeder,posision must be 0<position<L/2 or -L/2<position<0\n--->');
if (h>L/2)|(h<-L/2)
error('you enter position feeder greater than Length of dipole')
return
end
disp(' ')
disp('Rradiational when change posision feeder=')
Rr_new=Rr./((sin(B.*((L/2)-h))).^2)
Rr_old=Rr
xp=h;
yp=-i:0.00001:-i+(i/100);
plot(yp,xp,'dr')
hold on
x=-L/2:0.01:L/2;
y=i*sin(b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
grid on
elseif n==2;
disp('Length dipole antenna is lambda ')
disp('---------------------------------------')
h=input('position of feeder,posision must be 0<position<L/2 or -L/2<position<0\n--->');
if (h>L/2)|(h<-L/2)
error('you enter position feeder greater than Length of dipole')
return
end
disp(' ')
disp('Rradiational when change posision feeder=')
Rr_new=Rr./((sin(B.*((L/2)-h))).^2)
Rr_old=Rr
xp=h;
yp=-i:0.001:-i+(i/100);
plot(yp,xp,'sr')
hold on
grid on
if h==0
x=0:0.01:L/2;
y=i*sin(b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
hold on
x=-L/2:0.01:0;
y=i*sin(b*((L/2)+(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
grid on
elseif h>0
x=0:0.01:L/2;
y=i*sin(b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
hold on
x=-L/2:0.01:0;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)+(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
grid on
else
x=-L/2:0.01:0;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
hold on
x=0:0.01:L/2;
y=i*sin(b*((L/2)+(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
grid on
end
elseif n==3;
disp('Length dipole antenna is 3*lambda/2 ')
disp('---------------------------------------')
h=input('position of feeder,posision must be 0<position<L/2 or -L/2<position<0\n--->');
if (h>L/2)|(h<-L/2)
error('you enter position feeder greater than Length of dipole')
return
end
disp(' ')
disp('Rradiational when change posision feeder=')
Rr_new=Rr./((sin(B.*((L/2)-h))).^2)
Rr_old=Rr
xp=h;
yp=-i:0.001:-i+(i/100);
plot(yp,xp,'sr')
hold on
x=-L/2:0.01:L/2;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
grid on
elseif n==4;
disp('Length dipole antenna is 2*lambda ')
disp('---------------------------------------')
h=input('position of feeder,posision must be 0<position<L/2 or -L/2<position<0\n--->');
if (h>L/2)|(h<-L/2)
error('you enter position feeder greater than Length of dipole')
return
end
disp(' ')
disp('Rradiational when change posision feeder=')
Rr_new=Rr./((sin(B.*((L/2)-h))).^2)
Rr_old=Rr
xp=h;
yp=-i:0.001:-i+0.1;
plot(yp,xp,'sr')
hold on
grid on
if h==0
x=0:0.01:L/2;
y=i*sin(b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
hold on
x=-L/2:0.01:0;
y=i*sin(b*((L/2)+(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
grid on
elseif (0<h)&(h<lambda/2);
x=0:0.01:lambda/2;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
hold on
x=lambda/2:0.01:lambda;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
x=0:-0.01:-lambda/2;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
x=-lambda/2:-0.01:-lambda;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
grid on
elseif ((lambda/2)<h)&(h<lambda);
x=lambda/2:0.01:lambda;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
hold on
x=0:0.01:lambda/2;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
x=0:-0.01:-lambda/2;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
x=-lambda/2:-0.01:-lambda;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)-(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
grid on
elseif ((-lambda/2)<h)&(h<0);
x=lambda/2:0.01:lambda;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)+(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
hold on
x=0:0.01:lambda/2;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)+(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
x=0:-0.01:-lambda/2;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)+(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
x=-lambda/2:-0.01:-lambda;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)+(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
grid on
else
((-lambda/2)>h)&(h>(-lambda));
x=lambda/2:0.01:lambda;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)+(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
hold on
x=0:0.01:lambda/2;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)+(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
x=0:-0.01:-lambda/2;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)+(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
x=-lambda/2:-0.01:-lambda;
y=i*sin(pi+b*((L/2)+(x+h)));
plot(y,x)
grid on
end
else
disp('Length dipole antenna is greater than 2*lambda and undefined ')
disp('--------------------Exit----------------------')
end
⛄ 运行结果
⛄ 参考文献
[1]杜秀丽等. "一种基于决策灰狼算法优化LSTM的网络流量预测方法.", CN111371607A. 2020.
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