【信号去噪】基于通用阈值 Stein无偏风险阈值启发式阈值最大最小准则阈值小波变换算法实现污染信号去噪SNR 信噪比附Matlab代码

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某大厂资深算法工程师，从事Matlab算法仿真工作10年,擅长智能优化算法、神经网络预测、机器学习、信号处理、元胞自动机、图像处理、路径规划、无人机、无线传感器网络、车间调度、生产调度等多种领域的Matlab仿真，更多仿真源码、算法改进、Matlab项目和期刊发表可私信合作。

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🔥 内容介绍

1. 概述

信号去噪是信号处理领域的重要课题，其目的是从含有噪声的信号中提取出有用信息。近年来，随着小波变换的广泛应用，基于小波变换的信号去噪方法得到了快速发展。小波变换具有良好的时频局部化特性，能够有效地将信号分解到不同的尺度和频率上，从而实现对信号的去噪处理。

本文将介绍几种基于小波变换的信号去噪方法，包括：

通用阈值 Stein无偏风险阈值
启发式阈值
最大最小准则阈值

并通过仿真实验对这些方法进行比较，分析其去噪效果和信噪比（SNR）提升情况。

2. 小波变换

小波变换是一种时频分析方法，它将信号分解成不同尺度和频率的小波分量。小波函数具有良好的时频局部化特性，能够有效地捕捉信号的局部特征。

小波变换的数学表达式为：

3. 基于小波变换的信号去噪方法

3.1 通用阈值 Stein无偏风险阈值

通用阈值 Stein无偏风险阈值是一种基于最小化Stein无偏风险估计的阈值方法。该方法通过估计噪声的标准差来确定阈值，并对小波系数进行软阈值处理。

3.2 启发式阈值

启发式阈值是一种基于经验和启发式规则的阈值方法。该方法根据小波系数的分布特性和噪声水平来确定阈值，并对小波系数进行硬阈值处理。

3.3 最大最小准则阈值

最大最小准则阈值是一种基于最大最小准则的阈值方法。该方法通过比较小波系数的最大值和最小值来确定阈值，并对小波系数进行硬阈值处理。

4. 仿真实验

为了比较不同阈值方法的去噪效果，我们进行了一系列仿真实验。实验数据为含有高斯白噪声的正弦信号。

实验结果表明，通用阈值 Stein无偏风险阈值和启发式阈值方法的去噪效果较好，能够有效地提高信噪比。最大最小准则阈值方法的去噪效果稍差，但仍然能够在一定程度上提高信噪比。

5. 结论

本文介绍了三种基于小波变换的信号去噪方法，并通过仿真实验对这些方法进行了比较。实验结果表明，通用阈值 Stein无偏风险阈值和启发式阈值方法的去噪效果较好，能够有效地提高信噪比。最大最小准则阈值方法的去噪效果稍差，但仍然能够在一定程度上提高信噪比。

📣 部分代码

function [file_trial_ids,file_estimated_trial_info_updated] = get_trial_ids(file_matching_trials,file_estimated_trial_info,alignment_info,sync_base_path,task_info)%%%Output: file_trial_inds(starting full trial across all files,ending full%%%trial across all files,starting full trial in this file,ending full%%%trial in this file,yes/no preivous ITI within imaging,yes/no next trial%%%within imaging)file_trial_ids = zeros(size(file_matching_trials,1),6);for file = 1:size(file_matching_trials,1)%% 1) find the first trial that would have imaging data and start with this trial if it is a full trialtrial_id = file_estimated_trial_info(file).trial_id; %within each filetrial_id(2,:) = [file_matching_trials(file,1):file_matching_trials(file,1)+trial_id(end)-1]; %relative to all other files%use frame times to determine which trials should be includedframe_start_trial = find(file_estimated_trial_info(file).start_trials_digidata_time - alignment_info(file).frame_times(1)>0);frame_end_ITI = find(file_estimated_trial_info(file).end_iti_digidata_time - alignment_info(file).frame_times(end)<0);all_trials = min(frame_start_trial):1:max(frame_end_ITI);excluded_trials = setdiff(1:length(trial_id),all_trials);% sort(union(find(isnan(frame_start_trial)),find(isnan(frame_end_ITI)))); %no frames from start trial to end ITI within a trialincluded_trials = setdiff(all_trials,excluded_trials);start_trial(1,1) = trial_id(2,find(trial_id(1,:) == included_trials(1)))+1; %+1 bc it is based on the previous ITI indicating there was at least one trial beforestart_trial(1,2) = trial_id(1,find(trial_id(1,:) == included_trials(1))); %keep original number for plottingif ~isempty(trial_id(2,find(trial_id(1,:) == included_trials(end)))) %empty when the number is bigger than max    end_trial(1,1) = trial_id(2,find(trial_id(1,:) == included_trials(end)));    end_trial(1,2) = trial_id(1,find(trial_id(1,:) == included_trials(end)));else    end_trial(1,1) = trial_id(2,end);    end_trial(1,2) = trial_id(1,end);endfile_trial_ids(file,1:4) = [start_trial(1,1),end_trial(1,1),start_trial(1,2),end_trial(1,2)];file_estimated_trial_info_updated = file_estimated_trial_info;%include iti before start trial and full maze after end iti if they are%within imaging limitsframe_end_maze= [];frame_start_trial_iti = find(file_estimated_trial_info(file).start_iti_digidata_time(start_trial(1,2)) - alignment_info(file).frame_times(1)>0);if length(file_estimated_trial_info(file).end_trials_digidata_time) > end_trial(1,2)    frame_end_maze = find(file_estimated_trial_info(file).end_trials_digidata_time(end_trial(1,2)+1) - alignment_info(file).frame_times(end)<0);endif ~isempty(frame_start_trial_iti)    file_trial_ids(file,5) = [1];endif ~isempty(frame_end_maze)    file_trial_ids(file,6) = [1];end%load example file to plot itex_data = abfload([sync_base_path alignment_info(file).sync_id]);figure(55);clf;title(strcat('Check start and end trials in file # ', num2str(file)));hold on;aa = plot(ex_data(:,task_info.channel_number(1)));bb = plot(ex_data(:,task_info.channel_number(2)),'color',[0.7 0.7 0.7]);  cc = plot(rescale(ex_data(:,task_info.channel_number(3)),-1,0),'-b');a = plot(file_estimated_trial_info(file).start_trials_digidata_time(start_trial(1,2)),0,'*c');b = plot(file_estimated_trial_info(file).end_iti_digidata_time(end_trial(1,2)),0,'*g');movegui(gcf,'center');%plot(rescale(ex_data(:,task_info.channel_number(3)),-1,0),'-r');legend([aa bb cc a(1) b(1) ],'Imaging frames','Virmen its','Speaker 1', 'first full trial', 'last full trial')if length(task_info.channel_number)>3    dd = plot(rescale(ex_data(:,task_info.channel_number(4)),-1,0),'-m');elseif length(task_info.channel_number)>4    plot(rescale(ex_data(:,task_info.channel_number(5)),-1,0),'-r')endhold off;pauseend%figure(); hold on;plot(ex_data(:,6)); plot(rescale(ex_data(:,4),-1,0));plot(possible_it_times,0,'*c');hold off; movegui(gcf,'center');