一、ROS集成环境开发搭建

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-14 10:45:49 发布

学习我是拒绝的

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-14 10:45:49 发布

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分类专栏： ROS机器人学习文章标签： vscode ide visual studio code

原文链接：http://www.autolabor.com.cn/book/ROSTutorials/chapter1/14-ros-ji-cheng-kai-fa-huan-jing-da-jian/142-an-zhuang-vscode.html

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1、终端安装：

sudo apt install terminator

2、vscode安装

vscode 下载:Documentation for Visual Studio Code

国内下载vscode速度慢问题解决

首先在官网找到需要下载的文件，点击下载。

在浏览器或者下载软件中就可以看到这么一个下载地址了，将其复制下来（如下图箭头所指）。

然后将红框内的部分更换为如下内容：

vscode.cdn.azure.cn <--------就是左边这个

更新后的地址为：http://vscode.cdn.azure.cn/stable/78a4c91400152c0f27ba4d363eb56d2835f9903a/VSCodeUserSetup-x64-1.43.0.exe

这个就是国内的镜像了点开后你会发现速度直接起飞。

下载慢搬运自这里：国内下载vscode速度慢问题解决

2.1 安装

方式1:双击安装即可(或右击选择安装)

方式2:sudo dpkg -i xxxx.deb

2.2 卸载

sudo dpkg --purge  code

3.vscode 集成 ROS 插件

使用 VScode 开发 ROS 程序，需要先安装一些插件，常用插件如下:

4.vscode 使用_基本配置

4.1 创建 ROS 工作空间

mkdir -p xxx_ws/src(必须得有 src)
cd xxx_ws
catkin_make

4.2 启动 vscode

cd xxx_ws
code .

4.3 vscode 中编译 ros

快捷键 ctrl + shift + B 调用编译，选择:catkin_make:build

可以点击配置设置为默认，修改.vscode/tasks.json 文件

{
// 有关 tasks.json 格式的文档，请参见
    // https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "catkin_make:debug", //代表提示的描述性信息
            "type": "shell",  //可以选择shell或者process,如果是shell代码是在shell里面运行一个命令，如果是process代表作为一个进程来运行
            "command": "catkin_make",//这个是我们需要运行的命令
            "args": [],//如果需要在命令后面加一些后缀，可以写在这里，比如-DCATKIN_WHITELIST_PACKAGES=“pac1;pac2”
            "group": {"kind":"build","isDefault":true},
            "presentation": {
                "reveal": "always"//可选always或者silence，代表是否输出信息
            },
            "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
        }
    ]
}

4.4 创建 ROS 功能包

选定 src 右击 ---> create catkin package

设置包名添加依赖

4.5 C++ 实现

在功能包的 src 下新建 cpp 文件

/*
    控制台输出 HelloVSCode !!!

*/
#include "ros/ros.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    setlocale(LC_ALL,"");
    //执行节点初始化
    ros::init(argc,argv,"HelloVSCode");

    //输出日志
    ROS_INFO("Hello VSCode!!!哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈");
    return 0;
}

PS1: 如果没有代码提示

修改 .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

设置 "cppStandard": "c++17"

PS2: main 函数的参数不可以被 const 修饰

PS3: 当ROS__INFO 终端输出有中文时，会出现乱码

INFO: ????????????????????????

解决办法：在函数开头加入下面代码的任意一句

setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "zh_CN.utf8");
setlocale(LC_ALL, "");

4.6 python 实现

在功能包下新建 scripts 文件夹，添加 python 文件，并添加可执行权限

#! /usr/bin/env python
"""
    Python 版本的 HelloVScode，执行在控制台输出 HelloVScode
    实现:
    1.导包
    2.初始化 ROS 节点
    3.日志输出 HelloWorld


"""

import rospy # 1.导包

if __name__ == "__main__":

    rospy.init_node("Hello_Vscode_p")  # 2.初始化 ROS 节点
    rospy.loginfo("Hello VScode, 我是 Python ....")  #3.日志输出 HelloWorld

添加可执行权限：chmod +x *.py

4.7 配置 CMakeLists.txt

add_executable(节点名称
  src/C++源文件名.cpp
)
target_link_libraries(节点名称
  ${catkin_LIBRARIES}
)

executable：可执行的

target：目标

libraries：库

Python 配置:

catkin_install_python(PROGRAMS scripts/自定义文件名.py
  DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_BIN_DESTINATION}
)

4.8 编译执行

编译: ctrl + shift + B

执行: 和之前一致，只是可以在 VScode 中添加终端，首先执行:source ./devel/setup.bash

5、ros文件系统：

ROS文件系统级指的是在硬盘上ROS源代码的组织形式，其结构大致可以如下图所示：

WorkSpace --- 自定义的工作空间

    |--- build:编译空间，用于存放CMake和catkin的缓存信息、配置信息和其他中间文件。

    |--- devel:开发空间，用于存放编译后生成的目标文件，包括头文件、动态&静态链接库、可执行文件等。

    |--- src: 源码

        |-- package：功能包(ROS基本单元)包含多个节点、库与配置文件，包名所有字母小写，只能由字母、数字与下划线组成

            |-- CMakeLists.txt 配置编译规则，比如源文件、依赖项、目标文件

            |-- package.xml 包信息，比如:包名、版本、作者、依赖项...(以前版本是 manifest.xml)

            |-- scripts 存储python文件

            |-- src 存储C++源文件

            |-- include 头文件

            |-- msg 消息通信格式文件

            |-- srv 服务通信格式文件

            |-- action 动作格式文件

            |-- launch 可一次性运行多个节点 

            |-- config 配置信息

        |-- CMakeLists.txt: 编译的基本配置

1.package.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!-- 格式: 以前是 1，推荐使用格式 2 -->
<package format="2">
  <!-- 包名 -->
  <name>demo01_hello_vscode</name>
  <!-- 版本 -->
  <version>0.0.0</version>
  <!-- 描述信息 -->
  <description>The demo01_hello_vscode package</description>

  <!-- One maintainer tag required, multiple allowed, one person per tag -->
  <!-- Example:  -->
  <!-- <maintainer email="jane.doe@example.com">Jane Doe</maintainer> -->
  <!-- 维护人员 -->
  <maintainer email="xuzuo@todo.todo">xuzuo</maintainer>


  <!-- One license tag required, multiple allowed, one license per tag -->
  <!-- Commonly used license strings: -->
  <!--   BSD, MIT, Boost Software License, GPLv2, GPLv3, LGPLv2.1, LGPLv3 -->
  <!-- 许可证信息，ROS核心组件默认 BSD -->
  <license>TODO</license>


  <!-- Url tags are optional, but multiple are allowed, one per tag -->
  <!-- Optional attribute type can be: website, bugtracker, or repository -->
  <!-- Example: -->
  <!-- <url type="website">http://wiki.ros.org/demo01_hello_vscode</url> -->


  <!-- Author tags are optional, multiple are allowed, one per tag -->
  <!-- Authors do not have to be maintainers, but could be -->
  <!-- Example: -->
  <!-- <author email="jane.doe@example.com">Jane Doe</author> -->


  <!-- The *depend tags are used to specify dependencies -->
  <!-- Dependencies can be catkin packages or system dependencies -->
  <!-- Examples: -->
  <!-- Use depend as a shortcut for packages that are both build and exec dependencies -->
  <!--   <depend>roscpp</depend> -->
  <!--   Note that this is equivalent to the following: -->
  <!--   <build_depend>roscpp</build_depend> -->
  <!--   <exec_depend>roscpp</exec_depend> -->
  <!-- Use build_depend for packages you need at compile time: -->
  <!--   <build_depend>message_generation</build_depend> -->
  <!-- Use build_export_depend for packages you need in order to build against this package: -->
  <!--   <build_export_depend>message_generation</build_export_depend> -->
  <!-- Use buildtool_depend for build tool packages: -->
  <!--   <buildtool_depend>catkin</buildtool_depend> -->
  <!-- Use exec_depend for packages you need at runtime: -->
  <!--   <exec_depend>message_runtime</exec_depend> -->
  <!-- Use test_depend for packages you need only for testing: -->
  <!--   <test_depend>gtest</test_depend> -->
  <!-- Use doc_depend for packages you need only for building documentation: -->
  <!--   <doc_depend>doxygen</doc_depend> -->
  <!-- 依赖的构建工具，这是必须的 -->
  <buildtool_depend>catkin</buildtool_depend>

  <!-- 指定构建此软件包所需的软件包 -->
  <build_depend>roscpp</build_depend>
  <build_depend>rospy</build_depend>
  <build_depend>std_msgs</build_depend>

  <!-- 指定根据这个包构建库所需要的包 -->
  <build_export_depend>roscpp</build_export_depend>
  <build_export_depend>rospy</build_export_depend>
  <build_export_depend>std_msgs</build_export_depend>

  <!-- 运行该程序包中的代码所需的程序包 -->  
  <exec_depend>roscpp</exec_depend>
  <exec_depend>rospy</exec_depend>
  <exec_depend>std_msgs</exec_depend>


  <!-- The export tag contains other, unspecified, tags -->
  <export>
    <!-- Other tools can request additional information be placed here -->

  </export>
</package>

2.CMakelists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.2) #所需 cmake 版本
project(demo01_hello_vscode) #包名称，会被 ${PROJECT_NAME} 的方式调用

## Compile as C++11, supported in ROS Kinetic and newer
# add_compile_options(-std=c++11)

## Find catkin macros and libraries
## if COMPONENTS list like find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS xyz)
## is used, also find other catkin packages
#设置构建所需要的软件包
find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS
  roscpp
  rospy
  std_msgs
)

## System dependencies are found with CMake's conventions
#默认添加系统依赖
# find_package(Boost REQUIRED COMPONENTS system)


## Uncomment this if the package has a setup.py. This macro ensures
## modules and global scripts declared therein get installed
## See http://ros.org/doc/api/catkin/html/user_guide/setup_dot_py.html
# 启动 python 模块支持
# catkin_python_setup()

################################################
## Declare ROS messages, services and actions ##
## 声明 ROS 消息、服务、动作... ##
################################################

## To declare and build messages, services or actions from within this
## package, follow these steps:
## * Let MSG_DEP_SET be the set of packages whose message types you use in
##   your messages/services/actions (e.g. std_msgs, actionlib_msgs, ...).
## * In the file package.xml:
##   * add a build_depend tag for "message_generation"
##   * add a build_depend and a exec_depend tag for each package in MSG_DEP_SET
##   * If MSG_DEP_SET isn't empty the following dependency has been pulled in
##     but can be declared for certainty nonetheless:
##     * add a exec_depend tag for "message_runtime"
## * In this file (CMakeLists.txt):
##   * add "message_generation" and every package in MSG_DEP_SET to
##     find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS ...)
##   * add "message_runtime" and every package in MSG_DEP_SET to
##     catkin_package(CATKIN_DEPENDS ...)
##   * uncomment the add_*_files sections below as needed
##     and list every .msg/.srv/.action file to be processed
##   * uncomment the generate_messages entry below
##   * add every package in MSG_DEP_SET to generate_messages(DEPENDENCIES ...)

## Generate messages in the 'msg' folder
# add_message_files(
#   FILES
#   Message1.msg
#   Message2.msg
# )

## Generate services in the 'srv' folder
# add_service_files(
#   FILES
#   Service1.srv
#   Service2.srv
# )

## Generate actions in the 'action' folder
# add_action_files(
#   FILES
#   Action1.action
#   Action2.action
# )

## Generate added messages and services with any dependencies listed here
# 生成消息、服务时的依赖包
# generate_messages(
#   DEPENDENCIES
#   std_msgs
# )

################################################
## Declare ROS dynamic reconfigure parameters ##
## 声明 ROS 动态参数配置 ##
################################################

## To declare and build dynamic reconfigure parameters within this
## package, follow these steps:
## * In the file package.xml:
##   * add a build_depend and a exec_depend tag for "dynamic_reconfigure"
## * In this file (CMakeLists.txt):
##   * add "dynamic_reconfigure" to
##     find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS ...)
##   * uncomment the "generate_dynamic_reconfigure_options" section below
##     and list every .cfg file to be processed

## Generate dynamic reconfigure parameters in the 'cfg' folder
# generate_dynamic_reconfigure_options(
#   cfg/DynReconf1.cfg
#   cfg/DynReconf2.cfg
# )

###################################
## catkin specific configuration ##
## catkin 特定配置##
###################################
## The catkin_package macro generates cmake config files for your package
## Declare things to be passed to dependent projects
## INCLUDE_DIRS: uncomment this if your package contains header files
## LIBRARIES: libraries you create in this project that dependent projects also need
## CATKIN_DEPENDS: catkin_packages dependent projects also need
## DEPENDS: system dependencies of this project that dependent projects also need
# 运行时依赖
catkin_package(
#  INCLUDE_DIRS include
#  LIBRARIES demo01_hello_vscode
#  CATKIN_DEPENDS roscpp rospy std_msgs
#  DEPENDS system_lib
)

###########
## Build ##
###########

## Specify additional locations of header files
## Your package locations should be listed before other locations
# 添加头文件路径，当前程序包的头文件路径位于其他文件路径之前
include_directories(
# include
  ${catkin_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)

## Declare a C++ library
# 声明 C++ 库
# add_library(${PROJECT_NAME}
#   src/${PROJECT_NAME}/demo01_hello_vscode.cpp
# )

## Add cmake target dependencies of the library
## as an example, code may need to be generated before libraries
## either from message generation or dynamic reconfigure
# 添加库的 cmake 目标依赖
# add_dependencies(${PROJECT_NAME} ${${PROJECT_NAME}_EXPORTED_TARGETS} ${catkin_EXPORTED_TARGETS})

## Declare a C++ executable
## With catkin_make all packages are built within a single CMake context
## The recommended prefix ensures that target names across packages don't collide
# 声明 C++ 可执行文件
add_executable(Hello_VSCode src/Hello_VSCode.cpp)

## Rename C++ executable without prefix
## The above recommended prefix causes long target names, the following renames the
## target back to the shorter version for ease of user use
## e.g. "rosrun someones_pkg node" instead of "rosrun someones_pkg someones_pkg_node"
#重命名c++可执行文件
# set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME}_node PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME node PREFIX "")

## Add cmake target dependencies of the executable
## same as for the library above
#添加可执行文件的 cmake 目标依赖
add_dependencies(Hello_VSCode ${${PROJECT_NAME}_EXPORTED_TARGETS} ${catkin_EXPORTED_TARGETS})

## Specify libraries to link a library or executable target against
#指定库、可执行文件的链接库
target_link_libraries(Hello_VSCode
  ${catkin_LIBRARIES}
)

#############
## Install ##
## 安装 ##
#############

# all install targets should use catkin DESTINATION variables
# See http://ros.org/doc/api/catkin/html/adv_user_guide/variables.html

## Mark executable scripts (Python etc.) for installation
## in contrast to setup.py, you can choose the destination
#设置用于安装的可执行脚本
catkin_install_python(PROGRAMS
  scripts/Hi.py
  DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_BIN_DESTINATION}
)

## Mark executables for installation
## See http://docs.ros.org/melodic/api/catkin/html/howto/format1/building_executables.html
# install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME}_node
#   RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_BIN_DESTINATION}
# )

## Mark libraries for installation
## See http://docs.ros.org/melodic/api/catkin/html/howto/format1/building_libraries.html
# install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME}
#   ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_LIB_DESTINATION}
#   LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_LIB_DESTINATION}
#   RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CATKIN_GLOBAL_BIN_DESTINATION}
# )

## Mark cpp header files for installation
# install(DIRECTORY include/${PROJECT_NAME}/
#   DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_INCLUDE_DESTINATION}
#   FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.h"
#   PATTERN ".svn" EXCLUDE
# )

## Mark other files for installation (e.g. launch and bag files, etc.)
# install(FILES
#   # myfile1
#   # myfile2
#   DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_SHARE_DESTINATION}
# )

#############
## Testing ##
#############

## Add gtest based cpp test target and link libraries
# catkin_add_gtest(${PROJECT_NAME}-test test/test_demo01_hello_vscode.cpp)
# if(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME}-test)
#   target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}-test ${PROJECT_NAME})
# endif()

## Add folders to be run by python nosetests
# catkin_add_nosetests(test)

ros文件系统相关命令：

catkin_create_pkg 自定义包名依赖包 === 创建新的ROS功能包

roscore 将启动:

ros master
ros 参数服务器
rosout 日志节点

rosrun

rosrun 包名可执行文件名 === 运行指定的ROS节点

比如:rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node

roslaunch

roslaunch 包名 launch文件名 === 执行某个包下的 launch 文件

学习我是拒绝的

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一、ROS集成环境开发搭建

本ROS专栏的文章大部分来自于bilibili奥特学院的ros机器人入门，自己的学习笔记，某些地方再加上自己的一些理解。链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ci4y1L7ZZ?p=26
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