数学建模1.17——摘要写作学习1

1.阅读摘要的目的：读懂、学习写作技巧

2.词语分类：结构词(划分文章结构的词语，例如首先，其次等有着明显先后性的词语)、数学模型词【两类：1）.动词（红色）：分析、估计、保留等——确定工作任务 2）.xxx模型的词语（黄色）】，数学模型词可以知道用了什么方法，做了什么工作。

3.先划分词语，可以绘制相关概要图、流程图等

2020年A题

Keeping up with the Migrating Fish 2003298

跟上鱼群迁徙的步伐
Gradual rise of the ocean temperature results in a significant shift in the distribution of
herring and mackerel.\\ This situation may cause catastrophe for the small fishing companies in Scotland, for they may not be able to catch sufficient fish in their current location.\\ 【引入背景】Our team was asked to identify the most likely distribution of herring and mackerel in the next 50 years, and give practical suggestions to Scotland fishermen based on our study results.【任务】

海洋温度的逐渐升高会导致鲱鱼和鲭鱼的分布发生重大变化。这种情况可能会给苏格兰的小型渔业公司带来灾难，因为他们会无法在目前的位置捕获足够的鱼。我们的团队被要求确定未来 50 年内鲱鱼和鲭鱼最可能的分布情况，并根据我们的研究结果给苏格兰渔民提供切实可行的建议。

For problem 1, we start by analyzing the sea surface temperature data for the past 39 years and use Proper Orthogonal Decomposition to decompose the original dataset into two parts: the spatial term POD modes and the temporal term time coefficients. After retaining the 3 most significant POD modes, we assume that the POD modes are stable over time and achieve our sea surface temperature prediction through the prediction of their corresponding time coefficients. We proceed to estimate the locations of herring and mackerel over the next 50 years based on their habitat temperature. Our conclusion is that in the Atlantic Ocean north-west to Scotland, herring and mackerel will move northward away from the British Isles over the next 50 years. And in the North Sea, herring will gradually move toward east direction.

对于问题 1，我们首先分析了过去 39 年的海面温度数据，并使用本征正交分解法将原
始数据集分解为【空间项 POD 模式和时间项时间系数】两部分。在保留了 3 个最重要的 POD 模式后，我们假设 POD 模式随时间的变化是稳定的，并通过预测其对应的时间系数来实现对海面温度的预测。我们继续根据鲱鱼和鲭鱼的栖息地温度来估算其未来 50 年的位置。我们的结论是，在大西洋西北至苏格兰的海域，鲱鱼和鲭鱼将在未来 50 年内向北移动并远离不列颠群岛。而在北海，鲱鱼将逐渐向东移动。
For problem 2, we begin with developing a nutrient loss model to predict the freshness change along with time. Given the maximum acceptable level of nutrient loss and storage temperature, we are able to determine the expected storage time for the catch. Then we calculate the maximum travelling distance for herring and mackerel catch to be 300 km and 500 km, respectively. Based on the movement of fish over the next 50 years, we conclude that [the earliest time for mackerel and herring to move away from the fishing range is year 2027 and 2033, and the most likely year is 2045 and 2043.][ No critical year for the worst case of mackerel movingaway from the fishing range and 2066] is the latest time for herring moving out of the fishing range of small vessels.]

对于问题 2，我们首先要建立一个营养物质损失模型，以预测鱼肉新鲜度随时间的变化。考虑到养分损失和储存的最大可接受水平， 我们可以确定捕捞物的预期储存时间。然后， 我们计算出捕捞鲱鱼和鲭鱼的最远航程分别为 300 公里和 500 公里。根据未来 50 年的鱼群移动情况，我们得出结论：青鱼和鲱鱼最早离开捕捞范围的时间是 2027 年和 2033 年，最有可能的年份是 2045 年和 2043 年。最坏情况下， 青鱼游离渔场没有临界年， 而 2066 年是鲱鱼移出渔船捕捞范围的最晚时间。
For problem 3, we propose three possible strategies for small fishing companies in order to help them adapt to changing situations. The first strategy is relocating the fishing companies. We estimate that when all the fishing companies in Scotland are relocated, the net benefit would be 65 pound million per year, considering the fishing industry as a whole. The second strategy is changing the fishing mode. In a new fishing mode, some proportion of vessels are used as fishing vessels while the other are used as shipping vessels which equipped with on-board refrigeration system. We also develop a model of required storage temperature on-board in different years,
which gives suggestions to small fish companies who need to change their fishing mode in 2045. The third strategy is building a warehouse on high sea islands like Shetland island to preserve fish caught by small vessels, which will also expand the fishing range of small vessels.

对于问题 3，我们为小型渔业公司提出了三种可能的策略以帮助他们适应不断变化的形势。第一个策略是迁移渔业公司。我们估计，如果苏格兰所有的渔业公司都搬迁，考虑到整个渔业，每年的净收益将达到 6500 万英镑。 第二个策略是改变捕鱼模式。在新的捕鱼模式下，部分船只被用作渔船，而另一部分则被用作装有船上制冷系统的运输船。我们还开发了一个不同年份船上所需储存温度的模型，为 2045 年需要改变捕捞模式的小型渔业公司提供建议。第三个策略是在设得兰岛等公海岛屿上建立仓库，保存小型渔船捕捞的鱼类，这也将扩大小型渔船的捕捞范围。
For problem 4, we modify our proposals considering of fishing restrictions in territorial water. Based on the model in problem 1 and problem 2, all the herring would enter the territory of Danish in 2035. Under the new restrictions, the time of changing into new fishing mode should happen in 2036 rather than 2045, resulting in losing money for small companies.对于问题 4，我们修改了我们的建议，考虑到在领海内的捕鱼限制。 根据问题 1 和问题2 的模式，所有的鲱鱼将在 2035 年进入丹麦境内。在新的限制下，转变为新的捕捞模式的时间应该发生在 2036 年而不是 2045 年， 这会导致小公司亏损

Finally, we analyze the accuracy and sensitivity of our model, proving that our model is accurate and stable for different parameters.

最后，我们分析了模型的准确性和敏感性，证明我们的模型对于不同的参数都是准确而稳定的。
Keywords: Proper orthogonal decomposition（正确的正交分解）, Fish migration（鱼类迁徙）, Differential equation（微分方程式）, Fishing strategies（捕捞策略）

2003928A-Summary-写作积累

2003928A-Summary-写作积累..................................................................................... 1

1.      结构类词语（顺序+层次）.................................................................................. 3

1.1.      start by../begin with(首先）........................................................................... 3

1.2.      proceed to(继续）.......................................................................................... 3

1.3.      Our conclusion is.../We conclude that(我们的结论是）............................... 3

1.4.      the first/second/third xxx（第一、二、三）................................................ 3

1.5.      based on...(在xxx基础上）........................................................................... 3

1.6.      then/After...(然后）....................................................................................... 3

1.7.      given +句子/considering that（考虑到）..................................................... 3

2.      建模类动词............................................................................................................ 3

2.1.      analyze............................................................................................................. 3

2.2.      retain............................................................................................................... 3

2.3.      assume............................................................................................................. 3

2.4.      estimate........................................................................................................... 3

2.5.      develop（开发、建立...)................................................................................ 3

2.6.      calculate........................................................................................................... 3

2.7.      predict(预测）................................................................................................ 3

2.8.      determine/indentify(确定）........................................................................... 3

2.9.      propose(提出）.............................................................................................. 3

2.10.        change.......................................................................................................... 4

2.11.        modify(修正）............................................................................................. 4

2.12.        prove(证明）............................................................................................... 4

3.      句型类.................................................................................................................... 4

3.1.      xxx may cause xxx,forxxx(xxx会导致xxx,因为xxx）.................................... 4

3.2.      be asked to do (被要求去做）....................................................................... 4

3.3.      No critical year for the worst case of mackerel moving away from the fishing range and 2066 is the latest time for herring moving out of the fishing range of small vessels.最坏情况下， 青鱼游离渔场没有临界年， 而 2066 年是鲱鱼移出渔船捕捞范围的最晚时间。................................................................................ 4

3.4.      under the restrictions...under the xxx............................................................. 4

4.      非专业性生词类.................................................................................................... 4

4.1.      decompose...into把...分解为......................................................................... 4

4.2.      coefficients(系数）......................................................................................... 4

4.3.      territorial water(领海）.................................................................................. 4

4.4.      differerntial equation(微分方程式）............................................................. 4

4.5.      orthogonal decomposiotion(正交分解）...................................................... 4

5.      其他类.................................................................................................................... 4

5.1.      keeping up with the migrating fish(文采类：跟上鱼群迁徙的步伐）........ 4

2020年B题

1.专业性较强，用到较多流体力学的知识

2.摘要决定了第一印象，但是更重要的是要提高模型质量

3.摘要包括三部分：背景+模型与工作说明+总结（这部分可以不加）

The Longest Lasting Sandcastle

最持久的沙堡2011873

A variety of sandcastles can be found on the seashore, range from simple mounds of sand to complex castle replicas. Over time, there is no doubt that rain and waves will gradually erode the sandcastle. However, the degree of erosion of different types of sandcastles is different. Even ifthe building size and the distance from the water on the same beach are roughly same. Therefore,we wonder if there exits an optimal 3D geometric shape to use as sandcastle foundation.

在海边可以看到各种各样的沙堡，从简单的沙堆到复杂的“城堡”。毫无疑问，随着时间的推移雨水和海浪会逐渐侵蚀沙堡。然而，不同类型的沙堡被侵蚀的程度是不同的，即使沙堡是在同一海滩上，并且它们的大小和离水面的距离大致相同。因此，我们想知道是否存在一个最佳的三维几何形状作为沙堡的基础。
In task 1, in order to identity the best 3D geometric shape of sandcastle foundation, firstly, our team choose six common geometric shapes to analyze. Then, we introduce Mohr-Coulomb Yielding Criteria to check the strength of sandcastle foundation, Horton’s equation to calculate
infiltration rate of seawater, further Van Genuchten Model to obtain water retention curve. Based on the study of water content, we use internal friction angle to determine whether the sandcastle isstable or not. Finally, we work out the cuboid is the best, of which lasting time is 50min.What’s more, by traversing the aspect ratio of the cuboid, we find that the narrower the width of the water surface is, the longer lasting time is.

在任务 1 中，为了确定基础沙堡的最佳三维几何形状，我们团队首先选择了六种常见的几何形状进行分析。然后，我们引入 Mohr-Coulomb 屈服标准来检验沙堡地基的强度，引入 Horton 方程来计算海水的渗透率，接着引入 Van Genuchten 模型来获取保水曲线。在研究含水量的基础上，利用内摩擦角来判断沙堡是否稳定。最后，通过对立方体的长宽比进行遍历，我们发现水面宽度越窄，沙包维持的时间越长。

In task 2, take sand-to-water mixture proportion into consideration. Because the sand-to-water
ratio is related to the structural stability of the sandcastle, by establishing the function relationship
between sand-to-water mixing ratio and internal friction angle, then programming traversal, we
find that the optimal solution is when the water-to-sand ratio is 15%, and lasting time of the
sandcastle 64.43min.

在任务 2 中，我们需要考虑沙水混合物的比例。由于沙水比例关系到沙堡的结构稳定性，通过建立沙水混合比与内摩擦角之间的函数关系，然后编程遍历，我们发现最优解是当水沙比为 15%时，沙堡持续时间 64.43min。

In task 3, we divide the impact of rainwater on the sandcastle into two parts: scour and infiltration.
We find that the cuboid is still the optimal geometry, confirming the reliability of our model.
Besides, ANSYS simulation analysis is used to verify the theoretical results, and results are very
similar.

在任务 3 中，我们将雨水对沙堡的影响分为冲刷和渗透两部分。我们发现，立方体仍然

是最佳几何形状， 这证实了我们模型的可靠性。 此外， 采用 ANSYS 仿真分析验证理论结果，结果非常相似。

To sum up, by consulting a large amount of data, we establish wave erosion, tidal immersion, rain
scour, and rain immersion models. The model establishment has a gradual optimization process,
and the results of rain immersion are analyzed using ANSYS simulation.【 It is in good agreementwith the theoretical calculation, which verifies the correctness of our model.】

综上所述，通过查阅大量数据，我们建立了波浪侵蚀、潮汐浸泡、雨水冲刷和雨水浸泡

模型。模型的建立有一个逐步优化的过程，同时利用 ANSYS 模拟分析了雨水浸泡模型的结

果。模拟结果与理论计算结果相吻合，验证了我们模型的正确性。

Keywords: Mohr-Coulomb Yielding Criteria, Horton’s equation, Van Genuchten Model, Internal
friction angle, ANSYS simulation.

关键词：Mohr-Coulomb Yield Mohr-Coulomb 屈服准则，Horton 方程，Van Genuchten

模型，内摩擦角，ANSYS 仿真。