import re #正则表达式,进行文字匹配
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup#网页解析,获取数据
import urllib.request,urllib.error #制定URL,获取网页数据
import xlwt #进行excel操作
def main():
baseurl = "https://sh.lianjia.com/zufang/"
# 爬取网页
datalist = getData(baseurl)
# 保存数据
savepath = "链家.xls"
saveData(datalist, savepath)
findplace1 = re.compile(
r'<a href="/zufang/.*" target="_blank">(.*)</a>-<a href="/zufang/.* target="_blank">.*</a>-<a href="/zufang.*" target="_blank" title=".*">.*</a>') # 创建正则表达式对象,表示规则(字符串的模式)
findplace2 = re.compile(
r'<a href="/zufang/.*" target="_blank">.*</a>-<a href="/zufang/.* target="_blank">(.*)</a>-<a href="/zufang.*" target="_blank" title=".*">.*</a>')
findplace3 = re.compile(
r'<a href="/zufang/.*" target="_blank">.*</a>-<a href="/zufang/.* target="_blank">.*</a>-<a href="/zufang.*" target="_blank" title=".*">(.*)</a>')
#房子大小
finddaxiao = re.compile(r'<i>/</i>(.*)<i>/</i>.*<i>/</i>.*<span class="hide">',re.S) #re.s让换行符包含在字符中
#房子朝向
findfangxiang = re.compile(r'<i>/</i>.*<i>/</i>(.*)<i>/</i>.*<span class="hide">',re.S)
#房子规格
findguige = re.compile(r'<i>/</i>.*<i>/</i>.*<i>/</i>(.*)<span class="hide">',re.S)
#楼层类型
findleixing = re.compile(r'<p class="content__list--item--des">.*<i>/</i>(.*)</span>.*</p>.*<p class="content__list--item--bottom oneline">',re.S)
#是否靠近地铁
findsubway = re.compile(r'<i class="content__item__tag--is_subway_house">(.*)</i>')
#是否是精装
finddecoration = re.compile(r'<i class="content__item__tag--decoration">(.*)</i>')
#是否可以随时看房
findkey = re.compile(r'<i class="content__item__tag--is_key">(.*)</i>')
#是否是新上的
findnew = re.compile(r'<i class="content__item__tag--is_new">(.*)</i>')
#维护时间
findtime = re.compile(r'<span class="content__list--item--time oneline">(.*)</span>')
#平均租金
findmoney = re.compile(r'<span class="content__list--item-price"><em>(.*)</em>')
def getData(baseurl): # 调用获取页面信息的函数
datalist = [] # 分配暂存的空间
for i in range(0, 100):
url = baseurl + str(i)
html = askURL(url) # 保存获取到的网页源码
# print(html) #测试用的代码
# 逐一解析数据(边获取边解析)
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser") # html.parser是html的解析器
for item in soup.find_all('div', class_="content__list--item"): # 查找符合要求的字符串,形成列表
# print(item) #测试:查看链家item全部信息
data = []
item = str(item) # 转换成字符串,否则无法识别
# 链家详情链接
place1 = re.findall(findplace1, item)[0] # re库用来通过正则表达式查找指定的字符串
place2 = re.findall(findplace2, item)[0]
place3 = re.findall(findplace3, item)[0]
place = place1 + '-' + place2
data.append(place) # 添加地址
data.append(place3) # 添加小区
daxiao = re.findall(finddaxiao, item)[0]
daxiao = daxiao.strip()
data.append(daxiao.replace("㎡", "")) # 添加房子大小(平米)并替换前后空格
fangxiang = re.findall(findfangxiang, item)[0]
data.append(fangxiang.replace(" ", "")) # 添加房子朝向并替换空格
guige = re.findall(findguige, item)[0]
data.append(guige.replace(" ", "")) # 添加房子户型并替换空格
leixing1 = re.findall(findleixing, item)[0]
leixing2 = leixing1.strip() # 去掉前后空格
leixing3 = leixing2.replace(" ", "") # 将空格替换掉
data.append(leixing3[0:3]) # 添加房子楼层类型并替换空格
data.append(leixing3[4:8].replace("层)", "")) # 添加房子层数并替换掉()
subway = re.findall(findsubway, item) # 可能写有靠近地铁
if (len(subway)) != 0:
subway = subway[0]
data.append(subway) # 添加近地铁
else:
data.append("不靠近地铁") # 添加不靠近地铁
decoration = re.findall(finddecoration, item)
if len(decoration) != 0:
decoration = decoration[0]
data.append(decoration) # 添加精装
else:
data.append("不是精装") # 添加不是精装
key = re.findall(findkey, item)
if len(key) != 0:
key = key[0]
data.append(key) # 添加随时看房
else:
data.append("不是随时看房") # 添加不是随时看房
new = re.findall(findnew, item)
if len(new) != 0:
new = new[0]
data.append(new) # 添加新上
else:
data.append("不是新上") # 添加不是新上
time = re.findall(findtime, item)[0]
data.append(time) # 添加维护时间
money = re.findall(findmoney, item)[0]
data.append(money) # 添加平均租金(元/月)
datalist.append(data) # 将data中的数据放入datalist中
return datalist
def askURL(url):
head = { # 模拟浏览器头部信息,向链家服务器发送消息
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.45 Safari/537.36"
}
# 用户代理,表示告诉链家服务器,我们是什么类型的机器,浏览器(本质上是爬虫)
request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=head)
html = ""
try:
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
html = response.read().decode("utf-8")
#print(html) 测试用的
except urllib.error.URLError as e:
if hasattr(e,"code"):
print(e.code)
if hasattr(e,"reason"):
print(e.reason)
return html
#保存数据 输入区域和户型,输出该区域和户型的平均租金
def saveData(datalist,savepath):
print("save...")
book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8",style_compression=0) #创建workbook对象
sheet = book.add_sheet('链家租房信息',cell_overwrite_ok=True) #创建工作表
col = ("区域","小区","房子大小","房子朝向","户型","楼层类型","楼层数","是否靠近地铁","是否是精装","是否可以随时看房","是否是新上的","维护时间","平均租金")
for i in range(0,12):
sheet.write(0,i,col[i]) #列名
for i in range(0,3000):
print("第%d条" %(i+1))
data = datalist[i]
for j in range(0,12):
sheet.write(i+1,j,data[j]) #数据
book.save('链家.xls')
if __name__== "__main__" :
main()
print("爬取完毕")