模型搭建和评估

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-10 11:59:18 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-10 11:59:18 发布

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文章标签： sklearn python 机器学习

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_61606607/article/details/122104448

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根据之前的模型的建模，我们知道如何运用sklearn这个库来完成建模，以及我们知道了的数据集的划分等等操作。那么一个模型我们怎么知道它好不好用呢？以至于我们能不能放心的使用模型给我的结果呢？那么今天的学习的评估，就会很有帮助。

加载下面的库

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from IPython.display import Image
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier

%matplotlib inline

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10, 6)  # 设置输出图片大小

任务：加载数据并分割测试集和训练集

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

# 一般先取出X和y后再切割，有些情况会使用到未切割的，这时候X和y就可以用,x是清洗好的数据，y是我们要预测的存活数据'Survived'
data = pd.read_csv('clear_data.csv')
train = pd.read_csv('train.csv')
X = data
y = train['Survived']

# 对数据集进行切割
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, stratify=y, random_state=0)

# 默认参数逻辑回归模型
lr = LogisticRegression()
lr.fit(X_train, y_train)

/Users/chenandong/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow1.15/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)

LogisticRegression(C=1.0, class_weight=None, dual=False, fit_intercept=True,
                   intercept_scaling=1, l1_ratio=None, max_iter=100,
                   multi_class='auto', n_jobs=None, penalty='l2',
                   random_state=None, solver='lbfgs', tol=0.0001, verbose=0,
                   warm_start=False)

模型评估

模型评估是为了知道模型的泛化能力。
交叉验证（cross-validation）是一种评估泛化性能的统计学方法，它比单次划分训练集和测试集的方法更加稳定、全面。
在交叉验证中，数据被多次划分，并且需要训练多个模型。
最常用的交叉验证是 k 折交叉验证（k-fold cross-validation），其中 k 是由用户指定的数字，通常取 5 或 10。
准确率（precision）度量的是被预测为正例的样本中有多少是真正的正例
召回率（recall）度量的是正类样本中有多少被预测为正类
f-分数是准确率与召回率的调和平均

【思考】：将上面的概念进一步的理解，大家可以做一下总结

#思考回答：

任务一：交叉验证

用10折交叉验证来评估之前的逻辑回归模型
计算交叉验证精度的平均值

#提示：交叉验证
Image('Snipaste_2020-01-05_16-37-56.png')

提示4

交叉验证在sklearn中的模块为sklearn.model_selection

from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score

lr = LogisticRegression(C=100)
scores = cross_val_score(lr, X_train, y_train, cv=10)

/Users/chenandong/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow1.15/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/Users/chenandong/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow1.15/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/Users/chenandong/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow1.15/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/Users/chenandong/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow1.15/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/Users/chenandong/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow1.15/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/Users/chenandong/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow1.15/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/Users/chenandong/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow1.15/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/Users/chenandong/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow1.15/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:940: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.

Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression
  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG)
/Users/chenandong/anaconda3/envs/tensorflow1.15/lib/python3.

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模型搭建和评估

根据之前的模型的建模，我们知道如何运用sklearn这个库来完成建模，以及我们知道了的数据集的划分等等操作。那么一个模型我们怎么知道它好不好用呢？以至于我们能不能放心的使用模型给我的结果呢？那么今天的学习的评估，就会很有帮助。加载下面的库import pandas as pdimport numpy as npimport seaborn as snsimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltfrom IPython.display import Imagefrom
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