普里姆算法和迪克斯特拉算法

迪克斯特拉算法        

        迪杰斯特拉算法(Dijkstra)是由荷兰计算机科学家狄克斯特拉于1959年提出的，因此又叫狄克斯特拉算法。是从一个顶点到其余各顶点的最短路径算法，解决的是有权图中最短路径问题。迪杰斯特拉算法主要特点是从起始点开始，采用贪心算法的策略，每次遍历到始点距离最近且未访问过的顶点的邻接节点，直到扩展到终点为止。

普里姆算法

        普里姆算法，图论中的一种算法，可在加权连通图里搜索最小生成树。意即由此算法搜索到的边子集所构成的树中，不但包括了连通图里的所有顶点（英语：Vertex (graph theory)），且其所有边的权值之和亦为最小。该算法于1930年由捷克数学家沃伊捷赫·亚尔尼克（英语：Vojtěch Jarník）发现；并在1957年由美国计算机科学家罗伯特·普里姆（英语：Robert C. Prim）独立发现；1959年，艾兹格·迪科斯彻再次发现了该算法。因此，在某些场合，普里姆算法又被称为DJP算法、亚尔尼克算法或普里姆－亚尔尼克算法。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define MAX_DISTANCE 1000

typedef struct Net{ //图的定义
	int** weights;
	int numNodes;
} *NetPtr;

NetPtr initNet(int paraSize, int** paraData) { //图的初始化   
	int i, j;
	NetPtr resultPtr = (NetPtr)malloc(sizeof(Net));	
	resultPtr -> numNodes = paraSize;

	resultPtr->weights = (int**)malloc(paraSize * sizeof(int*));
	for (i = 0; i < paraSize; i ++) {
		resultPtr -> weights[i] = (int*)malloc(paraSize * sizeof(int));
		for (j = 0; j < paraSize; j ++) {
			resultPtr -> weights[i][j] = paraData[i][j];
		}
	}
	
	return resultPtr;
}


int dijkstraOrPrim(NetPtr paraPtr, int paraAlgorithm) {   //算法
	int i, j, minDistance, tempBestNode, resultCost;
	int source = 0;
	int numNodes = paraPtr->numNodes;
	int *distanceArray = (int*)malloc(numNodes * sizeof(int)); //申请空间
	int *parentArray = (int*)malloc(numNodes * sizeof(int)); //申请空间
	int *visitedArray = (int*)malloc(numNodes * sizeof(int));  //申请空间

	for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
		distanceArray[i] = paraPtr->weights[source][i]; //赋权值
		parentArray[i] = source;
		visitedArray[i] = 0;
	}
	distanceArray[source] = 0; //距离为0
	parentArray[source] = -1; //父母为-1 没有父母
	visitedArray[source] = 1; //已经见过了 ture

	tempBestNode = -1;
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes - 1; i++) {
		minDistance = MAX_DISTANCE;  //找距离最小的，先把距离拉成最大
		for (j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) {
			if (visitedArray[j]) {
				continue;  //拜访过了，直接continue
			}

			if (minDistance > distanceArray[j]) {
				minDistance = distanceArray[j]; //找到最小的
				tempBestNode = j;
			} 
		}

		visitedArray[tempBestNode] = 1;  //拜访过了

		for (j = 0; j < numNodes; j++) {
			if (visitedArray[j]) {
				continue;
			}

			if (paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j] >= MAX_DISTANCE) {   //距离大，应该不会
				continue;
			}

			if (paraAlgorithm == 0) {
				if (distanceArray[j] > distanceArray[tempBestNode] + paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j]) { //迪克斯特拉算法
					distanceArray[j] = distanceArray[tempBestNode] + paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j];
					parentArray[j] = tempBestNode;
				}
			} else {
				if (distanceArray[j] > paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j]) { //普里姆算法
					distanceArray[j] = paraPtr->weights[tempBestNode][j];
					parentArray[j] = tempBestNode;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	printf("the parent of each node: ");
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
		printf("%d, ", parentArray[i]);
	}

	if (paraAlgorithm == 0) {
		printf("\nFrom node 0, path length to all nodes are: ");
		for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
			printf("%d (%d), ", i, distanceArray[i]);
		}
	} else {
		resultCost = 0;
		for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i++) {
			resultCost += distanceArray[i];
			printf("\r\ncost of node %d is %d, total = %d", i, distanceArray[i], resultCost);
		}
		printf("\nFinally, the total cost is %d.\r\n ", resultCost);
	}
	
	printf("\r\n");

	return resultCost;
}




NetPtr constructSampleNet() {
	int i, j;
	int myGraph[6][6] = { 
		{0, 6, 1, 5, 0, 0},
		{6, 0, 5, 0, 3, 0}, 
		{1, 5, 0, 5, 6, 4}, 
		{5, 0, 5, 0, 0, 2}, 
		{0, 3, 6, 0, 0, 6},
		{0, 0, 4, 2, 6, 0}};
	int** tempPtr;
	int numNodes = 6;
	printf("Preparing data\r\n");
		
	tempPtr = (int**)malloc(numNodes * sizeof(int*));
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i ++) {
		tempPtr[i] = (int*)malloc(numNodes * sizeof(int));
	}
	 
	for (i = 0; i < numNodes; i ++) {
		for (j = 0; j < numNodes; j ++) {
			if (myGraph[i][j] == 0) {
				tempPtr[i][j] = MAX_DISTANCE;
			} else {
				tempPtr[i][j] = myGraph[i][j];
			}
		}
	}
 
	printf("Data ready\r\n");
	
	NetPtr resultNetPtr = initNet(numNodes, tempPtr);
	return resultNetPtr;
}

void testPrim() {
	NetPtr tempNetPtr = constructSampleNet();
	printf("=====Dijkstra algorithm=====\r\n");
	dijkstraOrPrim(tempNetPtr, 0);
	printf("=====Prim algorithm=====\r\n");
	dijkstraOrPrim(tempNetPtr, 1);
}

int main(){
	testPrim();
	return 1;
}

运算结果：

Preparing data
Data ready
=====Dijkstra algorithm=====
the parent of each node: -1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2,
From node 0, path length to all nodes are: 0 (0), 1 (6), 2 (1), 3 (5), 4 (7), 5 (5),
=====Prim algorithm=====
the parent of each node: -1, 2, 0, 5, 1, 2,
cost of node 0 is 0, total = 0
cost of node 1 is 5, total = 5
cost of node 2 is 1, total = 6
cost of node 3 is 2, total = 8
cost of node 4 is 3, total = 11
cost of node 5 is 4, total = 15
Finally, the total cost is 15.

原本的图：

 Prim算法:

 Dijkstra 算法:

 完毕；