debian 11磁盘分区+raid

磁盘分区

#先添加磁盘 我添加了4块5G的磁盘
 lsblk #查看磁盘信息 fdisk-l也可以查看
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0    5G  0 disk 
sdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk 
├─sdb1   8:17   0   19G  0 part /
├─sdb2   8:18   0    1K  0 part 
└─sdb5   8:21   0  975M  0 part [SWAP]
sdc      8:32   0    5G  0 disk 
sdd      8:48   0    5G  0 disk 
sde      8:64   0    5G  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1  378M  0 rom  

#利用fdisk命令分区
fdisk /dev/sdc
#m  //可以查看命令，帮助
#n  //新建分区
#d  //删除分区
#p  //查看分区表
#w  //保存并退出
#q  //退出
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)  #主分区
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)  #逻辑分区
Select (default p): p  #主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1):   #分区号 默认就行
First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048):    #起始分区数 默认就行
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-10485759, default 10485759): +3G   #给出的磁盘空间

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 3 GiB.
Command (m for help): p    #查看分区表

Disk /dev/sdc: 5 GiB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x26340d1d

Device     Boot Start     End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1        2048 6293503 6291456   3G 83 Linux


Command (m for help): w    #保存退出
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0    5G  0 disk 
sdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk 
├─sdb1   8:17   0   19G  0 part /
├─sdb2   8:18   0    1K  0 part 
└─sdb5   8:21   0  975M  0 part [SWAP]
sdc      8:32   0    5G  0 disk 
└─sdc1   8:33   0    3G  0 part  #我们新建的分区
sdd      8:48   0    5G  0 disk 
sde      8:64   0    5G  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1  378M  0 rom  
#格式化
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.46.2 (28-Feb-2021)
Creating filesystem with 786432 4k blocks and 196608 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 58ee069d-9b77-42cf-830f-5ff404452194
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

软RAID

#添加磁
lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0    5G  0 disk 
sdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk 
├─sdb1   8:17   0   19G  0 part /
├─sdb2   8:18   0    1K  0 part 
└─sdb5   8:21   0  975M  0 part [SWAP]
sdc      8:32   0    5G  0 disk 
sdd      8:48   0    5G  0 disk 
sde      8:64   0    5G  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1  378M  0 rom  
#安装mdadm
apt install -y mdadm
#查看是否安装完成
dpkg -l mdadm
#创建raid0
root@debian:~# mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -n 2 -l 0 /dev/sda /dev/sdc
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
#创建raid1
root@debian:~# mdadm -Cv /dev/md1 -n 2 -l 1 /dev/sdd /dev/sde
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
    may not be suitable as a boot device.  If you plan to
    store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
    your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
    --metadata=0.90
mdadm: size set to 5237760K
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
#创建raid10
root@debian:~# mdadm -Cv /dev/md10 -n 2 -l 10 /dev/md0 /dev/md1
mdadm: layout defaults to n2
mdadm: layout defaults to n2
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 512K
mdadm: size set to 5228544K
mdadm: largest drive (/dev/md0) exceeds size (5228544K) by more than 1%
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md10 started.
root@debian:~# lsblk
NAME     MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE   MOUNTPOINT
sda        8:0    0    5G  0 disk   
└─md0      9:0    0   10G  0 raid0  
  └─md10   9:10   0    5G  0 raid10 
sdb        8:16   0   20G  0 disk   
├─sdb1     8:17   0   19G  0 part   /
├─sdb2     8:18   0    1K  0 part   
└─sdb5     8:21   0  975M  0 part   [SWAP]
sdc        8:32   0    5G  0 disk   
└─md0      9:0    0   10G  0 raid0  
  └─md10   9:10   0    5G  0 raid10 
sdd        8:48   0    5G  0 disk   
└─md1      9:1    0    5G  0 raid1  
  └─md10   9:10   0    5G  0 raid10 
sde        8:64   0    5G  0 disk   
└─md1      9:1    0    5G  0 raid1  
  └─md10   9:10   0    5G  0 raid10 
sr0       11:0    1  378M  0 rom