3.类的加载与ClassLoader
3.1Java内存分析
3.2类的加载
深刻理解类加载
//类加载
public class Demo07_ClassLoader {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
System.out.println(A.m);
/**
* 1. 加载到内存,会产生一个类对应Class对象
* 2. 链接,连接结束后m=0
* 3. 初始化
* <clinit>(){
* System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
* m = 300;
* m = 100;
* }
*/
}
}
class A {
static {
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m = 300;
}
static int m = 100;
public A() {
System.out.println("A类无参构造初始化");
}
}
分析上面代码
程序自上往下执行
3.3什么时候会发生类初始化
//测试类什么时候会初始化
public class Demo08_ActiveReference {
static {
System.out.println("Main类被加载");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
// 1. 主动调用
//Son son = new Son();
// 反射也会产生主动引用
//Class.forName("cn.doris.reflection.Son");
//不会产生类的引用的方法
//System.out.println(Son.b);
//Son[] array = new Son[5];
//System.out.println(Son.a);
}
}
class Father {
static final int b = 2;
static {
System.out.println("父类被加载");
}
}
class Son extends Father {
static {
System.out.println("子类被加载");
m = 100;
}
static int m = 300;
static final int a = 1;
}
3.4类加载器的作用
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();//获取系统类的加载器
ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();//获取系统类加载器的父类加载器–>扩展类加载器 jre1.8.0_91\lib\ext
ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();//获取扩展类加载器父类加载器–>根加载器(c/c++) jre1.8.0_91\lib\rt.jar
//类加载器
public class Demo09_ClassLoader1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//获取系统类的加载器
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
//获取系统类加载器的父类加载器-->扩展类加载器 jre1.8.0_91\lib\ext
ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
System.out.println(parent);
//获取扩展类加载器父类加载器-->根加载器(c/c++) jre1.8.0_91\lib\rt.jar
ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
System.out.println(parent1);
//测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("cn.doris.reflection.Demo09_ClassLoader1").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader);
//测试JDK内置的类是谁加载的
classLoader = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader);
//如何获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径
System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
//双亲委派机制 检测安全性 你写的类和跟加载器一样的不会用你写的类
//java.lang.String -->往上推
/**
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\charsets.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\deploy.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\javaws.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\jce.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\jfr.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\jsse.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\plugin.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\resources.jar;
* D:\Environment\java\jdk1.8.0_91\jre\lib\rt.jar;
* E:\StudyProject\annotation_reflection\out\production\annotation_reflection;
* D:\WorkingSoftware\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.1\lib\idea_rt.jar
*/
}
}
4.创建运行时类的对象
5.获取运行类的完整结构
方法:
Class c1 = Class.forName(“cn.doris.reflection.User”); //获取当前对象的Class
//获得类的名字
c1.getName();// 获得包名 + 类名
c1.getSimpleName();// 获得类名
//获得类的属性
c1.getFields();//只能找到public属性
c1.getDeclaredFields();//找到全部的属性
c1.getDeclaredField(“name”); //获得指定属性的值
//获得类的方法
c1.getMethods(); //获得本类及父类的全部public方法
c1.getDeclaredMethods(); //获得本类的所有方法
c1.getMethod(“getName”, null);//获得指定的方法
//获得类的构造器
c1.getConstructors();
c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);//获得指定的构造器
//获取类的信息
public class Demo10_ClassInfo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("cn.doris.reflection.User");
User user = new User();
c1 = user.getClass();
//获得类的名字
System.out.println(c1.getName());// 获得包名 + 类名
System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());// 获得类名
System.out.println("=======================");
//获得类的属性
Field[] fields = c1.getFields();//只能找到public属性
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println("getFields:" + field);
}
fields = c1.getDeclaredFields();//找到全部的属性
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println("getDeclaredFields:" + field);
}
//获得指定属性的值
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println("=======================");
//获得类的方法
Method[] methods = c1.getMethods(); //获得本类及父类的全部public方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("getMethods:" + method);
}
methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods(); //获得本类的所有方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods:" + method);
}
System.out.println("=======================");
//获得指定的方法
//重载
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
System.out.println(getName);
System.out.println(setName);
//获得类的构造器
System.out.println("=======================");
Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println("getConstructors:" + constructor);
}
constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println("getDeclaredConstructors:" + constructor);
}
//获得指定的构造器
Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
System.out.println("指定构造器" + declaredConstructor);
}
}
6.调用运行时类的指定结构
6.1有Class对象,能做什么
6.2方法及使用
//获得Class对象
Class c1 = Class.forName(“cn.doris.reflection.User”);
//本质上调用了类的无参构造器
User user = (User) c1.newInstance();
//构造器创建对象
Constructor constructor=c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
User user1 = (User) constructor.newInstance(“长歌”,001,17);
//invoke:激活
// (对象,“方法值”)
setName.invoke(user2, “doris”);
//设置安全检测
name.setAccessible(true);
//动态的创建对象,通过反射
public class Demo11_DynamicCreateObject {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
//获得Class对象
Class c1 = Class.forName("cn.doris.reflection.User");
//构造一个对象
/*User user = (User) c1.newInstance();//本质上调用了类的无参构造器
System.out.println(user);*/
//通过构造器创建对象
/*Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
User user1 = (User) constructor.newInstance("长歌",001,17);
System.out.println(user1);*/
//通过反射调用普通方法
User user2 = (User) c1.newInstance();
//通过反射获取一个方法
Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
//invoke:激活
// (对象,"方法值")
setName.invoke(user2, "doris");
System.out.println(user2.getName());
//通过反射操作属性
User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
//不能直接操作私有属性,我们需要关闭程序的安全检测,属性或方法的setAccessible(true)
//设置安全检测
name.setAccessible(true);
name.set(user3, "doris2");
System.out.println(user3.getName());
}
}
6.3性能检测:
//分析性能问题
public class Demo12_Performance {
//普通方式调用
public static void test01() {
User user = new User();
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
user.getName();
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("普通方式执行10亿次:" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
}
//反射方式调用
public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("反射方式执行10亿次:" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
}
//反射方式调用,关闭检测
public static void test03() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
getName.setAccessible(true);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("反射方式执行10亿次,关闭检测:" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
test01();
test02();
test03();
}
}
7.反射操作泛型
8.反射操作注解
//练习反射操作注解
public class Demo14_ORM {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("cn.doris.reflection.Student2");
//通过反射获取注解
Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
//获得注解value
TableDoris tableDoris = (TableDoris) c1.getAnnotation(TableDoris.class);
String value = tableDoris.value();
System.out.println(value);
//获得类指定的注解
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
FiledDoris annotation = name.getAnnotation(FiledDoris.class);
System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
System.out.println(annotation.type());
System.out.println(annotation.length());
}
}
@TableDoris("db_student")
class Student2 {
@FiledDoris(columnName = "db_id", type = "int", length = 10)
private int id;
@FiledDoris(columnName = "db_age", type = "int", length = 3)
private int age;
@FiledDoris(columnName = "db_name", type = "varchar", length = 200)
private String name;
public Student2() {
}
public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student2{" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
//类名注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface TableDoris {
String value();
}
//属性注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface FiledDoris {
String columnName();
String type();
int length();
}