用数组描述的链表,即称为静态链表。
在C语言中,静态链表的表现形式即为结构体数组,结构体变量包括数据域data和游标CUR。这种存储结构,仍需要预先分配一个较大的空间,但在作为线性表的插入和删除操作时不需移动元素,仅需修改指针,故仍具有链式存储结构的主要优点。
1.构造
typedef struct StaticLinkedNode{
char data;
int next;//区别:非指针
} *NodePtr;
typedef struct StaticLinkedList{
NodePtr nodes;
int* used;
} *ListPtr;
2.初始化
ListPtr initLinkedList(){
ListPtr tempPtr = (ListPtr)malloc(sizeof(StaticLinkedList));//分配整个表使用的空间
tempPtr -> nodes = (NodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct StaticLinkedNode) *(DEFAULT_SIZE);
tempPtr -> used = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * DEFAULT_SIZE);
tempPtr -> nodes[0].data = '\0';
tempPtr -> nodes[0].next = -1;
tempPtr -> used[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < DEFAULT_SIZE; i ++){
tempPtr -> used[i] = 0;
}
return tempPtr;
}
3.插入数据
void insertNode(ListPtr paraListPtr,char paraChar,int paraPosition)
{
int p,q;
int i;
p=0;
for(i=0;i<paraPosition;i++)
{
p=paraListPtr->nodes [p].next;
if(p==-1)
{
printf("%d位置已超出\n",paraPosition);
return;
}
}
for(i=1;i<DEFAULT_SIZE;i++)
{
if(paraListPtr->used [i]==0)
{
printf("空间已分配.\r\n");
paraListPtr->used [i]=1;
q=i;
break;
}
}
if(i==DEFAULT_SIZE)
{
printf("空间不足");
printf("/n");
return;
}
paraListPtr->nodes [q].data=paraChar;
paraListPtr->nodes [q].next=paraListPtr->nodes [p].next;
paraListPtr->nodes [p].next=q;
}
4.删除数据
void deleteNode(ListPtr paraListPtr,char paraChar)
{
int p,q;
p=0;
while((paraListPtr->nodes [p].next!=-1)&&(paraListPtr->nodes [paraListPtr->nodes [p].next].data!=paraChar))
{
p=paraListPtr->nodes [p].next;
}
if(paraListPtr->nodes [p].next==-1)
{
printf("无法删除\n",paraChar);
return;
}
q=paraListPtr->nodes [p].next;
paraListPtr->nodes [p].next=paraListPtr->nodes [paraListPtr->nodes [p].next].next;
paraListPtr->used [q]=0;
}
老师代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#define DEFAULT_SIZE 5
typedef struct StaticLinkedNode{
char data;
int next;
} *NodePtr;
typedef struct StaticLinkedList{
NodePtr nodes;
int* used;
} *ListPtr;
/**
* Initialize the list with a header.
* @return The pointer to the header.
*/
ListPtr initLinkedList(){
// The pointer to the whole list space.
ListPtr tempPtr = (ListPtr)malloc(sizeof(StaticLinkedList));
// Allocate total space.
tempPtr->nodes = (NodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct StaticLinkedNode) * DEFAULT_SIZE);
tempPtr->used = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * DEFAULT_SIZE);
// The first node is the header.
tempPtr->nodes[0].data = '\0';
tempPtr->nodes[0].next = -1;
// Only the first node is used.
tempPtr->used[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < DEFAULT_SIZE; i ++){
tempPtr->used[i] = 0;
}// Of for i
return tempPtr;
}// Of initLinkedList
/**
* Print the list.
* @param paraListPtr The pointer to the list.
*/
void printList(ListPtr paraListPtr){
int p = 0;
while (p != -1) {
printf("%c", paraListPtr->nodes[p].data);
p = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
}// Of while
printf("\r\n");
}// Of printList
/**
* Insert an element to the given position.
* @param paraListPtr The position of the list.
* @param paraChar The given char.
* @param paraPosition The given position.
*/
void insertElement(ListPtr paraListPtr, char paraChar, int paraPosition){
int p, q, i;
// Step 1. Search to the position.
p = 0;
for (i = 0; i < paraPosition; i ++) {
p = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
if (p == -1) {
printf("The position %d is beyond the scope of the list.\r\n", paraPosition);
return;
}// Of if
} // Of for i
// Step 2. Construct a new node.
for (i = 1; i < DEFAULT_SIZE; i ++){
if (paraListPtr->used[i] == 0){
// This is identical to malloc.
printf("Space at %d allocated.\r\n", i);
paraListPtr->used[i] = 1;
q = i;
break;
}// Of if
}// Of for i
if (i == DEFAULT_SIZE){
printf("No space.\r\n");
return;
}// Of if
paraListPtr->nodes[q].data = paraChar;
// Step 3. Now link.
printf("linking\r\n");
paraListPtr->nodes[q].next = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
paraListPtr->nodes[p].next = q;
}// Of insertElement
/**
* Delete an element from the list.
* @param paraHeader The header of the list.
* @param paraChar The given char.
*/
void deleteElement(ListPtr paraListPtr, char paraChar){
int p, q;
p = 0;
while ((paraListPtr->nodes[p].next != -1) && (paraListPtr->nodes[paraListPtr->nodes[p].next].data != paraChar)){
p = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
}// Of while
if (paraListPtr->nodes[p].next == -1) {
printf("Cannot delete %c\r\n", paraChar);
return;
}// Of if
q = paraListPtr->nodes[p].next;
paraListPtr->nodes[p].next = paraListPtr->nodes[paraListPtr->nodes[p].next].next;
// This statement is identical to free(q)
paraListPtr->used[q] = 0;
}// Of deleteElement
/**
* Unit test.
*/
void appendInsertDeleteTest(){
// Step 1. Initialize an empty list.
ListPtr tempList = initLinkedList();
printList(tempList);
// Step 2. Add some characters.
insertElement(tempList, 'H', 0);
insertElement(tempList, 'e', 1);
insertElement(tempList, 'l', 2);
insertElement(tempList, 'l', 3);
insertElement(tempList, 'o', 4);
printList(tempList);
// Step 3. Delete some characters (the first occurrence).
printf("Deleting 'e'.\r\n");
deleteElement(tempList, 'e');
printf("Deleting 'a'.\r\n");
deleteElement(tempList, 'a');
printf("Deleting 'o'.\r\n");
deleteElement(tempList, 'o');
printList(tempList);
insertElement(tempList, 'x', 1);
printList(tempList);
}// Of appendInsertDeleteTest
/**
* The entrance.
*/
int main(){
appendInsertDeleteTest();
}// Of main
运行结果如上