虚拟语气--专升本语法

1.如果明天天气好，我就出去玩。
If it is fine tomorrow, I will go out.
>主将从现(未发生，有可能发生)
2.如果太阳从西边出来，我就嫁给你。
If the sun rose in the west,I would marry you.
>虚拟语气(不可能发生)

虚拟语气

1.定义:不可能发生的事或与事实相反的假设
2.实质:谓语动词的变化
虚拟语气考点:
1.条件虚拟语气（if条件句）
2.含有should的虚拟语气，
3.含蓄虚拟语气
4. wish引导的宾语从句
5.would rather 用法
6.It is high time that...句型
7.情态动词+have done 的用法

一 .条件虚拟语气考点

1.一表横看

白日梦进行时
如果我现在有钱，我就买栋别墅。
如果我过去有钱，我就买栋别墅。
如果我将来有钱，我就买栋别墅。

2.倒装省略句
在if虚拟条件句中，当句中有were,had ,should时，我们可以省略if,把were/had/should提前， 构成半倒装
if I were. to do the work， I should do it some other way.
were I to do the work， I should do it some other way.
Were I to do the work, I should do it some other way.

__D _for your help,we would not have succeeded. (2001)
A.Hadn't it been
B.If it were
C.If it had been
D.Had it not been
还原: If it had not been for your help... .
[注]将if省 略，were/should/had提 前时，not不需要 提前

3.一表斜看(错综虚拟语气)
在虚拟语气中，有时从句和主句发生的时间不一致，此时为
错综虚拟语气。
If I had met him yesterday, I would not visit him.
[注] :错综虚拟条件句中一般含有明确时间状语，主从句的谓动形态，分别与if条件句中相对应时间的谓语动词形态一致。
主句看主句的形态，从句看从句的形态

二.含有should 的虚拟语气

结构: 3类标志词...........
一个句型，
that从句的动词形式为: " (should) + do 主动
(should )+be done 被动
关键:找标志词/句型,套结构

1.标志词是动词(宾 语从句中)
坚持命令建议要求
一坚持insist .
二命令command order
四建议advise suggest recommend propose
六要求ask demand request require desire urge
+(that)+主语+ (should) +do(动词原形)/be(系动词) done表虚拟
2.一个句型:
It is +adj. +that +(should) do / be done
此处的adj通常important/significant/vital/essential(重要
的)/necessary(必要的),strange(奇怪的) ,natural (自 然
的) ,imperative (迫切的)
口诀：( 5要一切自奇）
3、由in case=for fear that=lest (以防)引导的目的状语从句，从
句的谓语动词用(should) +do/be done形式表虚拟
4、在句型“I'm sorry/disappointed/surprised that.."中，that从句谓
语动词用“should+do/be done' '形式表虚拟，且此处should(竟然)
不可省略，表示惊讶或意外的发现 

三.含蓄虚拟语气(不带if的虚拟条件句)

> But for+n./短语  "要不是...."
➢Without+n./短语  "没有 ...."
> Or/Otherwise "否则，要不然"
注意：出现以上的用下表

would 将要 ，could 可能，should应该，might可能
 

四. wish弓|导的宾从的虚拟

注意： hope 可能的希望 wish引导不可能的希望
主+wish+ that+sb+

现在did/were
过去had done; would/could have done
将来would/could+do

[注] 
as if=as though(好像) ,if only(要...就好了)引导的从句中，
若从句的内容并非现实，需用虚拟语气;用法与wish相似，但对
过去的虚拟时只用had done

总结:
1.wish引导的宾从
2. .... if/ as though +从句(.. 好像..
3. if only +从句(要...就好 了)
规律:后面的虚拟语气的时态需向前推一个
对现在情况假设:一般过去时did/were
对过去情况假设:过去完成时haddone
对将来情况假设:过去将来would/ could do

五.would rather用法

1. would rather本身用法
would rather do. 宁愿做某事
would rather do ... .than do...宁愿做某事..而不愿...

2.would rather虚拟用法
would rather +主语（人）+与现在/将来情况相反
would rather +主语（人）+与过去情况相反

六.It is high time that...句型

 It's high time that you got up. 

七、用“情态动词+have done"形式表示对过去的推测

考翻译
1.对过去的肯定推测must have done “一定/肯定.”
对过去的否定推测can't/couldn't have done“ 不可能”

eg. I must have seen you somewhere.
      It can't have rained because the ground is dry.

2. could have done 本能做而实际未做“本可以.."

eg.I could have finished it on time.

3.should/ought to have done 本应该做而实际未做
shouldn't/oughtn't to have done本不应该做而实际做了

eg. You shouldn't have left your son alone at home.

4.need have done本需要做而实际未做
needn't have done本不需要做而实际做了

eg.' You needn't have woken me up.It's Sunday!

5. would have done本会 发生而实际未发生
wouldn't have done本不会发生而实际发生了