Linux UDP下C语言实现TFTP协议客户端，文件上传及下载的功能

 //-------编写客户端， 使用TFTP协议，完成文件上传及下载的功能----------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h> 
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
 
 
 enum OPCODE{
	 RRQ = 1,
	 WRQ,
	 DATA,
	 ACK,
	 ERROR
 };

 
 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
 {
	 //检测命令行4个参数
	if (4 != argc){
		printf("<format>:%s [ipaddr] [mode] [filename]\n",argv[0]);
		printf("    mode:\"get\" means get file by server.\n");		/* get 下载文件 */
		printf("         \"put\" means put file to server.\n");		/* put 上传文件 */
		return -1;
	}
	
	if( !(!strcmp(argv[2],"get") || !strcmp(argv[2],"put"))){
		 printf("[Error] **Invalid argument.\n");
		 printf("<format>:%s [ipaddr] [mode] [filename]\n",argv[0]);
		 printf("	 mode:\"get\" means get file by server.\n"); 	/* get 下载文件 */
		 printf("		  \"put\" means put file to server.\n"); 	/* put 上传文件 */
		 return -1;
	}
	 int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); 					// 1.创建套接字// socket返回的文件描述符 //IPV4 //UDP
	 if (-1 == sockfd){
		perror("socket");
		return -1;
	 }
 	 
	 struct sockaddr_in server_addr;								// 2.填充服务器网络信息结构体
	 memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr)); 					//清空
	 server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;								// IPV4
	 server_addr.sin_port = htons(69);								//端口号  填69 将无符号2字节整型  主机-->网络//atoi输入字符串转换为一个整数	 atoi(argv[2])
	 server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);				//windows 的ip地址 将所指的字符串转换成32位的网络字节序二进制值
	
	 socklen_t server_addr_len = sizeof(server_addr);				//结构体长度
 
	 //-----------------------------------------------	 
	char buff[600] = {0};	//数据包--数据的长度以512Byte传输	 
	char _ack[4];			//返回的ACK
	unsigned short code = 0;//操作码
	unsigned short num = 0; //块编号 或者 错误码 
	int N = 0;				//校验收到的块编号 
	FILE *fp;				//返回的文件描述符
	int ret = 0;	 
	char filename[32] = {0};//接收文件名|发送文件名
	
	strcpy(filename,argv[3]);
	if(!strcmp(argv[2],"get")){	
		 ret = sprintf(buff, "%c%c%s%c%s%c", 0, RRQ , filename, 0, "octet", 0);						//使用 sprintf 组包 //返回值：成功格式化字符的个数	 		
		 if (-1 == sendto(sockfd, buff, ret, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, server_addr_len)){//首次发送请求-----想要发送的数据的字节数
			 perror("sendto");
			 return -1;
		 }
		if (NULL == (fp = fopen(filename,"wb"))){
			perror("fopen");
			return -1;
		 }
	}
	else if(!strcmp(argv[2],"put")){		 	
		 ret = sprintf((char *)buff,"%c%c%s%c%s%c",0,WRQ, filename, 0, "octet", 0);					//使用 sprintf 组包//返回值：成功格式化字符的个数			 		 
		 if (-1 == sendto(sockfd, buff, ret, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, server_addr_len)){//首次发送请求-----想要发送的数据的字节数
			 perror("sendto");
			 return -1;
		 }
		 if (NULL == (fp = fopen(filename,"rb"))){
			perror("fopen");
			return -1;
		 }
	}
	 //循环接收服务器发来的数据包
	 while (1)
	 {
		 //接收--需要保存服务器的网络信息结构体  因为里面有临时端口
		 if (-1 == (ret = recvfrom(sockfd, buff, 600, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, &server_addr_len))){
			perror("recvfrom");
			return -1;
		 }
		 code = ntohs(*(unsigned short *)buff);			//解析块编号 或者 错误码		 
		 num = ntohs(*(unsigned short *)(buff + 2)); 	//解析文件内容 或 错误信息	
		 
		 if (DATA == code && num == N + 1){			 
			 N++;//校验块编号+1					
			 if (-1 == fwrite(buff + 4,1, ret - 4,fp)){ //将文件内容写入文件
				printf("fwrite error\n");
				fclose(fp);
			 	return -1;
		 	}
			 // 组装ACK
			 *(unsigned short *)_ack = htons(ACK);
			 *(unsigned short *)(_ack + 2) = htons(num);		
			 if (-1 == sendto(sockfd, _ack, 4, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, server_addr_len)){// 回复ACK包
				perror("sendto");
				fclose(fp);

				return -1;
			 }
			 if (ret < 516)//文件接收完毕

			 	break;
		 }
		else if(ACK == code && num == N){
			N++;
			/*组装数据包*/
			*((unsigned short*)buff)=htons(DATA);
			*((unsigned short*)(buff+2))=htons(N); 
			ret = fread(buff+4,1,512,fp);
 			if(ret != 512){
				if(feof(fp)){
					printf("end-of-file\n");
				}
				else{
					printf("fread error\n");
					fclose(fp);
					return -1;
				}
 			}
			if (ret ==sendto(sockfd, buff,ret + 4,0,(struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, server_addr_len)){/*发送数据包*/
				perror("sendto");
				fclose(fp);
				return -1;
			}
			if( ret < 512 ){
				printf("ret = %d\n",ret);
				break;
			}
		}
		else if (ERROR == code)
		{
			 printf("接收出错[%s]\n", buff); //错误信息
			 fclose(fp);
			 return -1;
		}
		else{
			printf("服务器无应答");
			fclose(fp);
			return -1;
		}
		
	}
	if(!strcmp(argv[2],"get")){
		printf("文件[%s]下载完成\n", filename);
	}
	else if(!strcmp(argv[2],"put")){
		printf("文件[%s]上传完成\n", filename);
 }
	fclose(fp);
	return 0;
 }