android基础 [超级详细android Service组件解析（什么是Service，创建服务的方式，不同创建方式服务的生命周期）]

1 章节目录

2 Service

2.1 Service简介

2.2 如何创建一个Service

2.3 Service构成

2.3 Service启动方式

3 Service的生命周期

3.1 startService启动的生命周期

3.2 bindService启动的生命周期

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2 Service

2.1 Service简介

• Service是Android四大组件之一，它可以在后台执行长时间运行操作而没有用户界面的应用组件。

• Service的启动方式有两种:startService启动和bindService启动。

注意：服务与其他应用程序对象一样，在其托管进程的主线程中运行。这意味着，如果你的服务要执行任何CPU密集型(例如 MP3 播放)或阻塞(例如网络)操作，它应该在Service中再创建一个子线程，然后在这里去处理耗时操作就没问题了。

2.2 如何创建一个Service

 

 

2.3 Service构成

• MyService.java

<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#333333"><span style="color:#770088">package</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">com</span>.<span style="color:#000000">hopu</span>.<span style="color:#000000">demo</span>;
​
<span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">android</span>.<span style="color:#000000">app</span>.<span style="color:#000000">Service</span>;
<span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">android</span>.<span style="color:#000000">content</span>.<span style="color:#000000">Intent</span>;
<span style="color:#770088">import</span> <span style="color:#000000">android</span>.<span style="color:#000000">os</span>.<span style="color:#000000">IBinder</span>;
​
<span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#770088">class</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">MyService</span> <span style="color:#770088">extends</span> <span style="color:#000000">Service</span> {
    <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#000000">MyService</span>() {
    }
​
    <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span>
    <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#000000">IBinder</span> <span style="color:#000000">onBind</span>(<span style="color:#000000">Intent</span> <span style="color:#000000">intent</span>) {
        <span style="color:#aa5500">// TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.</span>
        <span style="color:#770088">throw</span> <span style="color:#770088">new</span> <span style="color:#000000">UnsupportedOperationException</span>(<span style="color:#aa1111">"Not yet implemented"</span>);
    }
}</span></span>

• AndroidManifest.xml

<span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#333333">    <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">application</span>
        <span style="color:#0000cc">...</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>
        <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">service</span>
            <span style="color:#0000cc">android:name</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">".MyService"</span>
            <span style="color:#0000cc">android:enabled</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"true"</span>
            <span style="color:#0000cc">android:exported</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"true"</span><span style="color:#117700">></</span><span style="color:#117700">service</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>
​
        <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">activity</span>
            <span style="color:#0000cc">android:name</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">".MainActivity"</span>
            <span style="color:#0000cc">android:exported</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"true"</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>
            <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">intent-filter</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>
                <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">action</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">android:name</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"android.intent.action.MAIN"</span> <span style="color:#117700">/></span>
​
                <span style="color:#117700"><</span><span style="color:#117700">category</span> <span style="color:#0000cc">android:name</span>=<span style="color:#aa1111">"android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"</span> <span style="color:#117700">/></span>
            <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">intent-filter</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>
        <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">activity</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>
    <span style="color:#117700"></</span><span style="color:#117700">application</span><span style="color:#117700">></span>  </span></span>

2.3 Service启动方式

1. startService

• 启动Service

  显式启动通过类名称来启动，需要在Intent中指明Service所在的类，并调用startService (lntent)启动service，显式启动代码如下:

  <span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#000000">Intent</span> <span style="color:#000000">intentStart</span> <span style="color:#981a1a">=</span> <span style="color:#770088">new</span> <span style="color:#000000">Intent</span>(<span style="color:#000000">ServiceActivity</span>.<span style="color:#770088">this</span>, <span style="color:#000000">StartService</span>.<span style="color:#770088">class</span>);
  <span style="color:#000000">startService</span>(<span style="color:#000000">intentStart</span>);</span>

在上面的代码中，Intent指明了启动的Service所在类为StartService。

通过该方式启动Service，访问者与Service之间没有关联，即使访问者退出了，Service也仍然运行。

• 停止service

  显式启动停止Service，需要将启动Service的Intent传递给stopService (Intent)函数，代码如下:

  <span style="background-color:#f8f8f8">stopService(intentStart);</span>

  因Android5.0开始，Google要求必须使用显示Intent启动Service，所以隐式启动咱就不介绍了。

• 样例：

  1. 创建StartService.java继承自Service类，重写onCreate()方法、onStartCommand()方法、onBind()方法、onDestroy()方法，其代码如下:

     <span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#770088">class</span> <span style="color:#0000ff">StartService</span> <span style="color:#770088">extends</span> <span style="color:#000000">Service</span> {
         <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span>
         <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">void</span> <span style="color:#000000">onCreate</span>() {
             <span style="color:#770088">super</span>.<span style="color:#000000">onCreate</span>();
             <span style="color:#000000">Log</span>.<span style="color:#000000">e</span>(<span style="color:#000000">getClass</span>().<span style="color:#000000">getName</span>(), <span style="color:#aa1111">"onCreate"</span>);
         }
         <span style="color:#555555">@Override</span>
         <span style="color:#770088">public</span> <span style="color:#008855">int</span> <span style="color:#000000">onStartCommand</span>(<span style="color:#000000">Intent</span> <span style="color:#000000">intent</span>, <span style="color:#008855">int</span> <span style="color:#000000">flags</span>, <span style="color:#008855">int</span> <span style="color:#000000">startId</span>) {
             <span style="color:#000000">Log</span>.<span style="color:#000000">e</span>(<span style="color:#000000">getClass</span>().<span style="color:#000000">getName</span>(), <span style="color:#aa1111">"onStartCommand"</span>);
             <span style="color:#770088">return</span> <span style="color:#770088">super</span>.<span style="color:#000000">onStartCommand</span>(<span styl