- 代理的常用功能:
- 突破自身IP访问限制,访问国外站点
- 访问一些单位或团体内部资源
- 提高访问速度
- 隐藏真实ip
- 代码配置代理:
- 创建Request对象
- 创建ProxyHandler对象
- 用handler对象创建opender对象
- 使用 opender.open函数发送请求
import urllib.request
url ='http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=ip'
headers = {
'User-Agent': ''
}
proxies = {
'http': '123.456.789.123:1234'
}
request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=headers)
handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxies)
opender = urllib.request.build_opener((handler))
response = opender.open(request)
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
with open('files/daili.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(content)
代理池:代理池就是有代理IP组成的池子, 它可以提供多个稳定可用的代理IP
import urllib.request
import random
url ='http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=ip'
headers = {
'User-Agent': ''
}
proxies_pool = [
{'http': '123.456.789.123:1234'},
{'http': '123.456.789.123:3456'},
{'http': '123.456.789.123:5678'}
]
proxies = random.choice(proxies_pool)
request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=headers)
# response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxies)
opender = urllib.request.build_opener((handler))
response = opender.open(request)
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
with open('files/daili.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(content)