MySql数据库---判断函数，和窗口结合的函数，窗口函数

思维导图

判断函数

if(expr,v1,v2): 表达式结果为true返回v1,否则返回v2
ifnull(列名,dv): 列值为null返回dv,否则返回列值.
nullif(expr1,expr2): 表达式1=表达式2返回null,不等于返回表达式1的值.

窗口函数

作用: 可以为表新增一列,新增的列是什么取决于over()函数前面的函数.
主要函数是: over(parttion by 列名 order by 列名 [窗口范围])
结合函数:
        1.聚合函数:sum(),count(),avg(),max(),min()
        2.序号函数:rank(),row_number(),dense_rank()
        3.分布函数:percent_rank(),cume_dist()
        4.前后函数:lag(),lead()
        5.头尾函数:first_value(),last_value()
        6.其他函数:nth_value(),ntile()
窗口范围:
        rows between 起始行 and 结束行
        [
          rows between unbound preceding and unbound following #最大窗口
          rows between 1 preceding and 1 following             # 往上1行和往下一行.
          rows between 2 preceding and  current row            #往上2行到当前行
          rows between unbound preceding and current row       #往上无边界到当前.
          rows between current row  and unbound following      #当前行到往下无边界
        ]
        

序号函数

row_number():      按照 1,2,3,4 标记序号
rank():            按照 1,2,2,4 标记序号
dense_rank():      按照 1,2,2,3 标记序号

- 需求 分组后排序
select
    e.dname,
    e.ename,
    e.salary,
    row_number() over (partition by e.dname order by e.salary) as rn -- 1234[5,6,6,7]
from employee e ;
​
select
    e.dname,
    e.ename,
    e.salary,
    rank() over (partition by e.dname order by e.salary) as rn     -- 1224[5,6,6,7]
from employee e ;
​
select
    e.dname,
    e.ename,
    e.salary,
    dense_rank() over (partition by e.dname order by e.salary) as rn-- 1223[5,6,6,7]
from employee e ;

聚合函数结合

聚合函数:sum(),count(),avg(),max(),min()
窗口大小:
        1.如果只写over():                 此时窗口是第一行到最后一行(最大窗口)
        2.如果写了over(partition by 列) : 此时窗口大小是分组内的第一行到最后一行
        3.如果写了over(partition by 列 order by 列 ): 窗口大小是分组内当前行到往上无边界
        4.如果不满意上方的默认窗口,怎么办??? : 
        通过over(partition by dname order by hiredate rows between 1 preceding and 1 following)指定窗口.

select
 dname,
 ename,
 salary,
 sum(salary) over(partition by dname order by hiredate rows between 1 preceding and 1 following) as pv1,
 count(1) over(partition by dname order by hiredate rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following) as pv2,
 avg(salary) over (partition by dname) as pv3
from employee;

前后函数

lag(显示的列,往前n条,找不到默认值)
lead(显示的列,往后n条,找不到默认值)

select
 dname,
 ename,
 hiredate,
 salary,
 lag(hiredate,1,'默认时间') over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as last_1_time,
 lag(hiredate,2) over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as last_2_time
from employee;
---------------------------------------------------------
select
 dname,
 ename,
 hiredate,
 salary,
 lead(hiredate,1,'默认时间') over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as last_1_time,
 lead(hiredate,2) over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as last_2_time
from employee;

首尾函数

-- todo 首尾函数----------first_value默认窗口是:分组内当前行到往上无边界-------------
-- todo 首尾函数----------last_value默认窗口是:分组内当前行到往上无边界-------------

-- 注意,  如果不指定ORDER BY，则进行排序混乱，会出现错误的结果
-- 需求1 : 截止到当前入职的人员.按照日期排序查询第1个入职和最后1个入职员工的薪资

select
  dname,
  ename,
  hiredate,
  salary,
  first_value(salary) over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as first,
  last_value(salary) over(partition by dname order by  hiredate) as last
from  employee;
​
-- 需求1 : 统计各部门全部数据.按照日期排序查询第1个入职和最后1个入职员工的薪资
select
  dname,
  ename,
  hiredate,
  salary,
  first_value(salary) over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as first,
  last_value(salary) over(partition by dname order by  hiredate rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following) as last
from  employee;

其它函数

NTH_VALUE(expr,n): 用途：返回窗口中第n个expr的值。expr可以是表达式，也可以是列名
NTILE(n):用途：将分区中的有序数据分为n个等级，记录等级数

-- todo  nth_value(列,第几条数据)
-- 查询每个部门截止目前薪资排在第二和第三的员工信息
select
  dname,
  ename,
  hiredate,
  salary,
  nth_value(salary,2) over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as second_score,
  nth_value(salary,3) over(partition by dname order by hiredate) as third_score
from employee;
​
-- todo ntile()根据入职日期将每个部门的员工分成3组
select
  dname,
  ename,
  hiredate,
  salary,
ntile(3) over(partition by dname order by  hiredate  ) as rn
from employee;