1、共享内存(同一主机间通信)
(1) 产生key值
key_t ftok(const char *pathname, int proj_id);
On success, the generated key_t value is returned. On failure -1 is returned, with errno indicating the error as for the stat(2) system call.
(2)申请对象
int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg);
On success, a valid shared memory identifier is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.
(3)绑定
void *shmat(int shmid, const void *shmaddr, int shmflg);
On success, shmat() returns the address of the attached shared memory segment; on error, (void *) -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the cause of the error.
(4) 解除绑定
int shmdt(const void *shmaddr);
On success, shmdt() returns 0; on error -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the cause of the error.
(5)销毁
int shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf);
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
void hander(int signo)
{
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
key_t key = ftok("/",'b');
if(key == -1)
{
perror("ftok");
return 1;
}
//printf("key = %d\n",key);
int shmid = shmget(key,1024,IPC_CREAT|0666);
if(shmid == -1)
{
perror("shmget");
return 1;
}
//printf("id = %d\n",shmid);
void *p = shmat(shmid,NULL,0);
if((void *)-1 == p)
{
perror("shmat");
return 1;
}
signal(SIGUSR1,hander);
pid_t *q = (pid_t *)p;
*q = getpid();
char *s = (char *)p;
while(1)
{
printf("%s\n",s);
pause();
if(strcmp(s,"quit") == 0)
break;
}
if(shmdt(p) == -1)
{
perror("shmdt");
return 1;
}
if(shmctl(shmid,IPC_RMID,NULL) == -1)
{
perror("shmctl");
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
key_t key = ftok("/",'b');
if(key == -1)
{
perror("ftok");
return 1;
}
//printf("key = %d\n",key);
int shmid = shmget(key,1024,IPC_CREAT|0666);
if(shmid == -1)
{
perror("shmget");
return 1;
}
//printf("id = %d\n",shmid);
void *p = shmat(shmid,NULL,0);
if((void *)-1 == p)
{
perror("shmat");
return 1;
}
pid_t *q = (pid_t *)p;
printf("open pid = %d\n",*q);
pid_t pid = *q;
while(1)
{
char *s = (char *)p;
fgets(s,1024,stdin);
s[strlen(s) - 1] = '\0';
kill(pid,SIGUSR1);
if(strcmp(s,"quit") == 0)
break;
}
if(shmdt(p) == -1)
{
perror("shmdt");
return 1;
}
if(shmctl(shmid,IPC_RMID,NULL) == -1)
{
perror("shmctl");
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
2、网络间通信
int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
osi 7 层参考模型
1. 物理层
规定了物理层面的电气特性及相关机械特性
物理层面数据的传输 --- 一位一位二进制数据 //比特流
2. 数据链路层
规定了 传输数据的格式 //帧数据
//控制传输过程可靠
3. 网络层 (网际层)
用于解决 网络 与 网络之间 数据传输 //数据包
4. 传输层
传输控制层,控制传输过程,保证数据完整和可靠
5. 会话层
处理一次会话过程
6. 表示层
规定了 传输数据的格式 和 方式 //加密
7. 应用层
就是直接获取要收发的数据
tcp/ip 五层模型
应用层
传输层
网络层
数据链路层
物理层
4层模型
应用层
传输层
网络层
网络接口层