物联网通信技术-基于Socket的聊天程序

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已于 2024-05-30 14:16:07 修改

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分类专栏：课程设计文章标签： python websocket pycharm

于 2024-05-30 10:59:22 首次发布

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1.目的

实现一个简单的基于Socket的聊天程序，支持多用户注册、登录、私聊和公聊功能。
通过实验了解Socket编程和多线程编程的基本原理。

2.环境

操作系统：Windows 10
编程语言：Python 3.8
开发工具：PyCharm Community Edition 2022.3、VMware Workstation Pro

3.内容

3.1服务器端

服务器端主要功能包括：

用户注册和登录验证
处理客户端消息，支持公聊和私聊
允许服务器发送消息

3.2客户端

客户端主要功能包括：

用户连接服务器并登录或注册
支持发送公聊和私聊消息
显示接收到的消息

4.预期结果

4.1服务器

4.1.1启动服务器

4.1.2客户端接入

4.1.3服务器在公聊频道发送消息

4.1.4客户端接收到信息

4.2客户端

4.2.1启动客户端1

4.2.2根据提示完成注册

4.2.3注册完成后进行登录

4.2.4同理，完成客户端2的登录

4.2.5客户端1和客户端2在公聊频道发送消息

Client1：发送消息

Client2:接收到消息并发送消息

4.2.6客户端client1和client2私聊

Client1：私聊发送消息

Client2：接收到私聊消息

5.源码分享

5.1服务器端

import socket
import threading
import json

# 存储用户信息
users = {}

# 加载用户数据
def load_users():
    try:
        with open('users.json', 'r') as file:
            return json.load(file)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        return {}

# 保存用户数据
def save_users():
    with open('users.json', 'w') as file:
        json.dump(users, file)

# 广播消息
def broadcast_message(message, sender_socket, recipient=None):
    if recipient:
        if recipient in clients:
            try:
                clients[recipient].send(message)
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"发送消息给客户端时出错: {e}")
                clients[recipient].close()
                del clients[recipient]
    else:
        for client_name, client_socket in clients.items():
            try:
                client_socket.send(message)
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"发送消息给客户端时出错: {e}")
                client_socket.close()
                del clients[client_name]

# 处理客户端消息
def handle_client(client_socket, client_name):
    current_channel = "all"
    while True:
        try:
            message = client_socket.recv(1024)
            if not message or message.decode('utf-8').strip() == '':
                continue
            
            decoded_message = message.decode('utf-8').strip()
            if decoded_message.lower() == 'exit':
                break
            if decoded_message.startswith("/private"):
                parts = decoded_message.split(" ", 2)
                if len(parts) >= 3:
                    _, recipient, private_message = parts
                    if recipient in clients:
                        private_msg = f"[私聊]{client_name} 对你说: {private_message}"
                        broadcast_message(private_msg.encode('utf-8'), sender_socket=client_socket, recipient=recipient)
                        client_socket.send(f"[私聊]你对 {recipient} 说: {private_message}".encode('utf-8'))
                    else:
                        error_msg = f"用户 {recipient} 不在线。"
                        client_socket.send(error_msg.encode('utf-8'))
                else:
                    error_msg = "私聊命令格式错误。使用 /private <用户名> <消息>。"
                    client_socket.send(error_msg.encode('utf-8'))
            elif decoded_message.lower() == "/all":
                current_channel = "all"
                client_socket.send("你已进入公聊频道。\n".encode('utf-8'))
            else:
                public_msg = f"[公聊]{client_name}: {decoded_message}"
                broadcast_message(public_msg.encode('utf-8'), sender_socket=client_socket)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"处理客户端消息时出错: {e}")
            break

    client_socket.close()
    del clients[client_name]
    broadcast_message(f"{client_name} 已下线。".encode('utf-8'), sender_socket=client_socket)

# 处理登录和注册
def authenticate(client_socket):
    while True:
        try:
            client_socket.send("请选择：1. 注册 2. 登录\n".encode('utf-8'))
            option = client_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8').strip()
            
            if option == '1':
                client_socket.send("请输入用户名: ".encode('utf-8'))
                username = client_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8').strip()
                if username in users:
                    client_socket.send("用户名已存在，请重新输入。\n".encode('utf-8'))
                    continue

                client_socket.send("请输入密码: ".encode('utf-8'))
                password = client_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8').strip()
                client_socket.send("请再次输入密码: ".encode('utf-8'))
                password_confirm = client_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8').strip()

                if password != password_confirm:
                    client_socket.send("两次输入的密码不一致，请重新注册。\n".encode('utf-8'))
                    continue

                users[username] = password
                save_users()
                client_socket.send("注册成功，请重新登录。".encode('utf-8'))
                continue

            elif option == '2':
                client_socket.send("请输入用户名: ".encode('utf-8'))
                username = client_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8').strip()
                client_socket.send("请输入密码: ".encode('utf-8'))
                password = client_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8').strip()

                if username in users and users[username] == password:
                    client_socket.send("登录成功。\n\n开始聊天吧~\n提示：使用 /private <用户名> <消息> 可进行私聊，使用 /all 返回公聊频道。\n".encode('utf-8'))
                    return username
                else:
                    client_socket.send("用户名或密码错误，请重新登录。\n".encode('utf-8'))
            else:
                client_socket.send("无效选项，请重新选择。\n".encode('utf-8'))

        except Exception as e:
            print(f"认证时出错: {e}")
            client_socket.close()
            return None

# 服务器端发送消息
def server_send_message():
    while True:
        message = input()
        if message.startswith("/private"):
            parts = message.split(" ", 2)
            if len(parts) >= 3:
                _, recipient, private_message = parts
                if recipient in clients:
                    private_msg = f"[服务器私聊] 对 {recipient} 说: {private_message}"
                    broadcast_message(private_msg.encode('utf-8'), sender_socket=None, recipient=recipient)
                else:
                    print(f"用户 {recipient} 不在线。")
            else:
                print("私聊命令格式错误。使用 /private <用户名> <消息>。")
        else:
            public_msg = f"服务器: {message}"
            broadcast_message(public_msg.encode('utf-8'), sender_socket=None)

# 启动服务器
def start_server(host='0.0.0.0', port=9999):
    global users
    users = load_users()
    server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    server.bind((host, port))
    server.listen(5)
    print(f"服务器正在监听 {host}:{port}")

    threading.Thread(target=server_send_message).start()

    while True:
        client_socket, addr = server.accept()
        client_handler = threading.Thread(target=client_auth_handler, args=(client_socket,))
        client_handler.start()

def client_auth_handler(client_socket):
    username = authenticate(client_socket)
    if username:
        if username in clients:
            client_socket.send("该用户已登录。\n".encode('utf-8'))
            client_socket.close()
            return
        clients[username] = client_socket
        print(f"{username} 已连接。")
        broadcast_message(f"{username} 已上线。".encode('utf-8'), sender_socket=client_socket)
        handle_client(client_socket, username)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    clients = {}
    start_server()

5.2客户端

import socket
import threading

def receive_message(client_socket):
    while True:
        try:
            message = client_socket.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
            if message:
                print(message.strip())
            else:
                break
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"接收消息时出错: {e}")
            break

def send_message(client_socket):
    try:
        while True:
            message = input()
            if message.strip() == '':
                continue
            if message.lower() == 'exit':
                client_socket.send("exit".encode('utf-8'))
                break
            client_socket.send(message.encode('utf-8'))
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("用户中断")
    finally:
        client_socket.close()

def main():
    server_ip = '10.223.96.98'  # 替换为你的主机IP地址
    server_port = 9999            # 替换为你的服务器端口

    client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    client_socket.connect((server_ip, server_port))

    receive_thread = threading.Thread(target=receive_message, args=(client_socket,))
    receive_thread.start()

    send_thread = threading.Thread(target=send_message, args=(client_socket,))
    send_thread.start()

    receive_thread.join()
    send_thread.join()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()