基本功能:编写矩阵按键程序,实现每按下一个按键依次显示0-F。
以上为我们实现基本功能所需要使用的元器件
注意:我们需要使用矩阵键盘,需要将J5的跳帽盖在1,2的位置。由于使用的是IAP单片机,则P36,P37端口分别改为P42,P44
接下来我们来分析矩阵键盘的扫描原理,我们以具体的代码来分析
sbit R1=P3^0;
sbit R2=P3^1;
sbit R3=P3^2;
sbit R4=P3^3;
sbit C1=P4^4;
sbit C2=P4^2;
sbit C3=P3^5;
sbit C4=P3^4;
void Delay1ms(unsigned char x)
{
while(x--)
{
unsigned char i,j;
i=12;
j=169;
do
{
while(--j);
} while(--i);
}
}
void ScanKeysMulti()//ROW行/column列
{
R1=0;
R2=R3=R4=1;
C1=C2=C3=C4=1;
if(C1==0)
{
Delay1ms(5);
if(C1==0)
{
while(C1==0);
key=0;
}
}
else if(C2==0)
{
Delay1ms(5);
if(C2==0)
{
while(C2==0);
key=1;
}
}
else if(C3==0)
{
Delay1ms(5);
if(C3==0)
{
while(C3==0);
key=2;
}
}
else if(C4==0)
{
Delay1ms(5);
if(C4==0)
{
while(C4==0);
key=3;
}
}
}
矩阵键盘的扫描原理我们可以把键盘分为两部分理解,分别为行和列,我们来看这行代码
R1=0;
R2=R3=R4=1;
C1=C2=C3=C4=1;
每一列我们都设为高电平,而在行里,只有第一行是低电平,其他行是高电平,根据原理图,当我们随机按下第一行的一个按键S7,S11,S15,S19时,那它对应的列也会被拉低,变成低电平,而其他列一直保持高电平,此时我们就能通过哪一列为低电平来判断是哪个按键被按下。也就是说,当执行以上代码时,按键的行先被确定,默认为第一行,再通过哪一列为低电平判断按键的列,当这两个部分都被确定好之后,那么是哪个按键被按下我们就能得知了,明白这些之后,我们就能很轻松地完成基本功能,以下是代码。
#include "reg52.h"
sfr P4 = 0xC0;
sbit R1 = P3^0;
sbit R2 = P3^1;
sbit R3 = P3^2;
sbit R4 = P3^3;
sbit C4 = P3^4;
sbit C3 = P3^5;
sbit C2 = P4^2;
sbit C1 = P4^4;
unsigned char code SMG_duanma[18]=
{0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,
0x80,0x90,0x88,0x80,0xc6,0xc0,0x86,0x8e,
0xbf,0x7f};
void SelectHC573(unsigned char channel)
{
switch(channel)
{
case 4:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0x80;
break;
case 5:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xa0;
break;
case 6:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xc0;
break;
case 7:
P2 = (P2 & 0x1f) | 0xe0;
break;
}
}
void DisplayKeyNum(unsigned char value)
{
P0 = 0xff;
SelectHC573(6);
P0 = 0x01;
SelectHC573(7);
P0 = value;
}
unsigned char key_num;
void ScanKeysMulti()//ROW行/column列
{
R1 = 0;
R2 = R3 = R4 = 1;
C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 =1;
if(C1 == 0)
{
while(C1 == 0);
key_num = 0;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
else if(C2 == 0)
{
while(C2 == 0);
key_num = 1;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
else if(C3 == 0)
{
while(C3 == 0);
key_num = 2;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
else if(C4 == 0)
{
while(C4 == 0);
key_num = 3;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
R2 = 0;
R1 = R3 = R4 = 1;
C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 =1;
if(C1 == 0)
{
while(C1 == 0);
key_num = 4;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
else if(C2 == 0)
{
while(C2 == 0);
key_num = 5;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
else if(C3 == 0)
{
while(C3 == 0);
key_num = 6;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
else if(C4 == 0)
{
while(C4 == 0);
key_num = 7;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
R3 = 0;
R2 = R1 = R4 = 1;
C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 =1;
if(C1 == 0)
{
while(C1 == 0);
key_num = 8;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
else if(C2 == 0)
{
while(C2 == 0);
key_num = 9;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
else if(C3 == 0)
{
while(C3 == 0);
key_num = 10;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
else if(C4 == 0)
{
while(C4 == 0);
key_num = 11;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
R4 = 0;
R2 = R3 = R1 = 1;
C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 =1;
if(C1 == 0)
{
while(C1 == 0);
key_num = 12;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
else if(C2 == 0)
{
while(C2 == 0);
key_num = 13;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
else if(C3 == 0)
{
while(C3 == 0);
key_num = 14;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
else if(C4 == 0)
{
while(C4 == 0);
key_num = 15;
DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
}
}
void main()
{
while(1)
{
ScanKeysMulti();
}
}
注意:由于这里使用的是"reg52.h"头文件,而它没有P4端口的内存地址,所以要加上sfr P4 = 0xC0;或者使用#include "STC15F2K60S2.H"头文件
烧录进单片机后就能看到现象了