hive学习笔记之二:复杂数据类型,java面试宝典pdf

OK

t2.person t2.friends

tom [“tom_friend_0”,“tom_friend_1”,“tom_friend_2”]

jerry [“jerry_friend_0”,“jerry_friend_1”,“jerry_friend_2”,“jerry_friend_3”,“jerry_friend_4”,“jerry_friend_5”]

Time taken: 0.052 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

  1. 查询friends中的某个元素的SQL:

select person, friends[0], friends[3] from t2;

执行结果如下,第一条记录没有friends[3],显示为NULL:

hive> select person, friends[0], friends[3] from t2;

OK

person _c1 _c2

tom tom_friend_0 NULL

jerry jerry_friend_0 jerry_friend_3

Time taken: 0.052 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

  1. 数组元素中是否包含某值的SQL:

select person, array_contains(friends, ‘tom_friend_0’) from t2;

执行结果如下,第一条记录friends数组中有tom_friend_0,显示为true,第二条记录不包含,就显示false:

hive> select person, array_contains(friends, ‘tom_friend_0’) from t2;

OK

person _c1

tom true

jerry false

Time taken: 0.061 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

  1. 第一条记录的friends数组中有三个元素,借助LATERAL VIEW语法可以把这三个元素拆成三行,SQL如下:

select t.person, single_friend

from (

select person, friends

from t2 where person=‘tom’

) t LATERAL VIEW explode(t.friends) v as single_friend;

执行结果如下,可见数组中的每个元素都能拆成单独一行:

OK

t.person single_friend

tom tom_friend_0

tom tom_friend_1

tom tom_friend_2

Time taken: 0.058 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)

  • 以上就是数组的基本操作,接下来是键值对;

MAP,建表,导入数据

  • 接下来打算创建名为t3的表,只有person和address两个字段,person是字符串类型,address是MAP类型,通过文本文件导入数据时,对分隔符的定义如下:
  1. person和address之间的分隔符是竖线;

  2. address内部有多个键值对,它们的分隔符是逗号;

  3. 而每个键值对的键和值的分隔符是冒号;

  • 满足上述要求的建表语句如下所示:

create table if not exists t3(

person string,

address map<string, string>

)

row format delimited

fields terminated by ‘|’

collection items terminated by ‘,’

map keys terminated by ‘:’;

  • 创建文本文件003.txt,可见用了三种分隔符来分隔字段、MAP中的多个元素、每个元素键和值:

tom|province:guangdong,city:shenzhen

jerry|province:jiangsu,city:nanjing

  • 导入003.txt的数据到t3表:

load data local inpath ‘/home/hadoop/temp/202010/25/003.txt’ into table t3;

MAP,查询

  1. 查看全部数据:

hive> select * from t3;

OK

t3.person t3.address

tom {“province”:“guangdong”,“city”:“shenzhen”}

jerry {“province”:“jiangsu”,“city”:“nanjing”}

Time taken: 0.075 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

  1. 查看MAP中的某个key,语法是field[“xxx”]:

hive> select person, address[“province”] from t3;

OK

person _c1

tom guangdong

jerry jiangsu

Time taken: 0.075 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

  1. 使用if函数,下面的SQL是判断address字段中是否有"street"键,如果有就显示对应的值,没有就显示filed street not exists:

select person,

if(address[‘street’] is null, “filed street not exists”, address[‘street’])

from t3;

输出如下,由于address字段只有province和city两个键,因此会显示filed street not exists:

OK

tom filed street not exists

jerry filed street not exists

Time taken: 0.087 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

  1. 使用explode将address字段的每个键值对展示成一行:

hive> select explode(address) from t3;

OK

province guangdong

city shenzhen

province jiangsu

city nanjing

Time taken: 0.081 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)

  1. 上面的explode函数只能展示address字段,如果还要展示其他字段就要继续LATERAL VIEW语法,如下,可见前面的数组展开为一个字段,MAP展开为两个字段,分别是key和value:

select t.person, address_key, address_value

from (

select person, address

from t3 where person=‘tom’

) t LATERAL VIEW explode(t.address) v as address_key, address_value;

结果如下:

OK

tom province guangdong

tom city shenzhen

Time taken: 0.118 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

  1. size函数可以查看MAP中键值对的数量:

hive> select person, size(address) from t3;

OK

tom 2

jerry 2

Time taken: 0.082 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

STRUCT

  1. STRUCT是一种记录类型,它封装了一个命名的字段集合,里面有很多属性,新建名为t4的表,其info字段就是STRUCT类型,里面有age和city两个属性,person和info之间的分隔符是竖线,info内部的多个元素之间的分隔符是逗号,注意声明分隔符的语法:

create table if not exists t4(

person string,

info struct<age:int, city:string>

)

row format delimited

fields terminated by ‘|’

collection items terminated by ‘,’;

  1. 准备好名为004.txt的文本文件,内容如下:

tom|11,shenzhen

jerry|12,nanjing

  1. 加载004.txt的数据到t4表:

load data local inpath ‘/home/hadoop/temp/202010/25/004.txt’ into table t4;

  1. 查看t4的所有数据:

hive> select * from t4;

OK

tom {“age”:11,“city”:“shenzhen”}

jerry {“age”:12,“city”:“nanjing”}

Time taken: 0.063 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

  1. 查看指定字段,用filedname.xxx语法:

hive> select person, info.city from t4;

OK

tom shenzhen

jerry nanjing

Time taken: 0.141 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)

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