fileReader = new FileReader(file);
// 读入数据
char[] chars = new char[5];
int length;
while ((length = fileReader.read(chars)) != -1) {
String s = new String(chars, 0, length);
System.out.println(s);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 不再使用的时候,关闭流资源
if (fileReader != null) {
try {
fileReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
测试结果:
java.io.FileNotFoundException: test.txt (系统找不到指定的文件。)
at java.io.FileInputStream.open0(Native Method)
at java.io.FileInputStream.open(FileInputStream.java:195)
at java.io.FileInputStream.(FileInputStream.java:138)
at java.io.FileReader.(FileReader.java:72)
at com.zxy.java.exception.ExceptionTest1.main(ExceptionTest1.java:21)
运行时异常也被称作非受检异常
是指编译器不要求必须处理的异常。一般是指编程时的逻辑错误。
1.空指针异常
当程序运行时,对象未初始化或为空时,将会抛出空指针异常。
package com.zxy.java.exception;
/**
-
@Description: NullPointerException
-
@Author: zhangxy
-
@Date: Created in 2019/11/20
-
@Modified By:
*/
public class ExceptionTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s = “HelloWorld”;
s = null;
System.out.println(s.charAt(1));
}
}
测试结果:
Exception in thread “main” java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.zxy.java.exception.ExceptionTest2.main(ExceptionTest2.java:13)
2. 数组下标越界异常
指使用非法索引访问数组。索引为负值或大于或等于数组的大小。将会抛出数组下标越界异常。
package com.zxy.java.exception;
/**
-
@Description: ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
-
@Author: zhangxy
-
@Date: Created in 2019/11/20
-
@Modified By:
*/
public class ExceptionTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] array = new int[5];
System.out.println(array[6]);
}
}
测试结果:
Exception in thread “main” java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 6
at com.zxy.java.exception.ExceptionTest3.main(ExceptionTest3.java:12)
3. 数字格式异常
一般由 Integer.valueOf(String param) 或者 Integer.parseInt(String param) 引起数字异常
package com.zxy.java.exception;
/**
-
@Description: NumberFormatException
-
@Author: zhangxy
-
@Date: Created in 2019/11/20
-
@Modified By:
*/
public class ExceptionTest4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = “111”;
str = “abc”;
int num = Integer.parseInt(str);
System.out.println(num);
}
}
Exception in thread “main” java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: “abc”
at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65)
at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:580)
at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:615)
at com.zxy.java.exception.ExceptionTest4.main(ExceptionTest4.java:13)
4. 类型转换异常
当程序试图将对象强制转换为不是该实例的子类时,将会抛出类型转换异常
package com.zxy.java.exception;
import java.util.Date;
/**
-
@Description: ClassCastException
-
@Author: zhangxy
-
@Date: Created in 2019/11/20
-
@Modified By:
*/
public class ExceptionTest5 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object obj = new Date();
String str = (String) obj;
}
}
Exception in thread “main” java.lang.ClassCastException: java.util.Date cannot be cast to java.lang.String
at com.zxy.java.exception.ExceptionTest5.main(ExceptionTest5.java:14)
5. 算术异常
当程序中出现异常的运算条件时,将抛出算术异常。例如,一个整数“除以零”时,抛出算术异常。
package com.zxy.java.exception;