HCIP---OSPF综合实验

题目：

1、R4为ISP，其上只能配置IP地址；R4与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP；
2、R3、R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；
3、整个OSPF环境IP地址基于172.16.0.0/16划分；
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；
5、减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保证更新安全；
6、全网可达。

拓扑图：

实验的思路：

1、根据实验要求对172.16.0.0/16网段进行子网划分，方便之后的子网汇总，从而实现对路由条目的减少
2、对各个设备进行IP地址，及环回接口的配置
3、对R3、R5、R6、R7设备进行MGRE环境的配置，R3为中心站点，并在这四个路由器上而配置到ISP的缺省路由，实现对边界路由器的私网互通
4、对各个路由器进行配置OSPF协议并进行宣告，注意在宣告的时候可以汇总的路由信息可以汇总后一并宣告，让其各个路由器获取其他网段的路由拓扑信息，从而获取路由条目
5、将域外路由通过重发布实现OSPF内可以互通
6、对需要做特殊区域的区域做特殊区域的配置
7、对边界路由器配置NAT协议从而实现可以对公网的访问

实验步骤：

1.IP地址划分

area0
172.16.0.0/19

P2P骨干
172.16.0.0/24
172.16.0.0/30
…

MA骨干
172.16.1.0/24
172.16.1.0/29
…
172.16.2.0/24
…

---

area1
172.16.32.0/19
172.16.32.0/24

P2P骨干
172.16.32.0/30
…

MA骨干
172.16.33.0/24
172.16.33.0/29
…
172.16.34.0/24
…

---

area2
172.16.64.0/19
172.16.64.0/24

P2P骨干
172.16.64.0/30
…

MA骨干
172.16.65.0/24
172.16.65.0/30
…
172.16.66.0/24
…

---

area3
172.16.96.0/19

P2P骨干
172.16.96.0/24
172.16.96.0/30
…
MA骨干

172.16.97.0/24
172.16.97.0/29
…
172.16.98.0/24
…

---

area4
172.16.128.0/19
P2P骨干

172.16.128.0/24
172.16.128.0/30
…

MA骨干
172.16.129.0/24
172.16.129.0/29
…
172.16.130.0/24
…

---

RIP
172.16.160.0/19
172.16.160.0/20
172.16.176.0/20

172.16.192.0/19

172.16.224.0/19

2.在area0区域配置IP地址、环回地址以及缺省路由

[r3]int s4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.1 24
[r3-Serial4/0/0]q
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2
 

[isp]int s4/0/0
[isp-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial4/0/0]int s3/0/0
[isp-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial3/0/0]int s4/0/1
[isp-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.2 24
[isp-Serial4/0/1]int g0/0/0
[isp-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.2 24
[isp-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0
[isp-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24
 

[r5]int s4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.1 24
[r5-Serial4/0/0]int loo0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.1 24
[r5-LoopBack0]q
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.2
 

[r6]int s4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.1 24
[r6-Serial4/0/0]int loo0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.1 24
[r6-LoopBack0]q
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.2
 

[r7]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.1 24
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.1 24
[r7-LoopBack0]q
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.2
 

3.R3、R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点

[r3]int t0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.1 29
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
 

[r5]int t0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.3 29[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
 

[r6]int t0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.3 29
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 
 

[r7]int t0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.4 29
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 
 

4.配置area1、area2、area3、area4的IP地址及环回接口

area1：

[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 29
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24
 

[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 29
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.1 24
 

[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 29
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.1 24

area2：

[r6]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 29
 

[r11]int g0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 29
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.1 24
[r11-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.9 29
 

[r12]int g0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.10 29
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.1 20
[r12-LoopBack0]int loo1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.176.1 20
 

area3：

[r7]int g0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 29
 

[r8]int g0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 29
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.1 24
[r8-LoopBack0]int loo1
[r8-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.97.9 29
 

[r9]int g0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.10 29
 

area4：

[r9]int g0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 29
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loo0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.1 24
 

[r10]int g0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 29
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loo0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.1 24

5.启动OSPF协议

[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 

[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3    
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0
 

[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 

[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
 

[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
 

[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 

[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
[r9-ospf-1]area 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
 

[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]area 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 

[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
 

[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[r12-ospf-1]q
[r12]rip 1
[r12-rip-1]version 2
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
 

6.更改tunnel接口的接口类型

[r3]int t0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

r5、r6、r7的配置均与r3一致

7.在r12上进行重发布，从而可以让运行OSPF的设备学习到域外路由

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

8.减少路由信息（将area4更改为域外路由）

思路：将area4改为域外路由，以此来做特殊区域来减少路由条目的数量因此在R9上重新开启一个OSPF进程，进行重发布。（不用虚链路和Tunnel隧道技术是因为要做特殊区域，因此这里要用双向重发布，但是在此拓扑当中只需要单项重发布，然后在写一条缺省路由即可）

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]area 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]q
[r9-ospf-1]undo area 4
[r9-ospf-1]q
[r9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-2]area 4
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]q
[r9-ospf-2]q
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[r9-ospf-1]q
[r9]ospf 2    
[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise 
 

9.域外路由汇总（在ABR的设备上做域间路由汇总以及ASBR的设备上）

[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
 

[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
 

[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
 

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
 

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
 

10.实现路由条目的减少（将area1、area2、area3做成特殊区域）

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
 

[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
 

[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1    
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
 

[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
 

r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]area 2  
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
 

[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
 

[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
 

[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
 

[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
 

11.防环（对ABR及ASBR做过子网汇总的路由器做空接口）

[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
 

[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
 

[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
 

[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0
 

[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
 

12.配置NAT，实现可以访问公网

[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3-acl-basic-2000]q
[r3]int s4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 

[r5]acl 2000   
[r5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r5-acl-basic-2000]q
[r5]int s4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 

[r6]acl 2000   
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]q
[r6]int s 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 

[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]q
[r7]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
 

13.对area1进行区域认证的配置，确保更新安全

[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 

[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 

[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
 

14.加快收敛

r3]int t0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
 

[r5]int t0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
 

[r6]int t0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer  hello 10
 

[r7]int t0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
 

测试