企业WEB服务器Nginx

Nginx核心配置

Nginx的配置文件的组成部分：

• 主配置文件：nginx.conf

• 子配置文件: include conf.d/*.conf

• fastcgi， uwsgi，scgi 等协议相关的配置文件

root 与 alias

root：指定web的家目录，在定义location的时候，文件的绝对路径等于 root+location

server { 
listen 80;
 server_name www.duxiaoshai.com; 
root /home/web/html; index index.html; 
location /test1 { 
root /home/web; 
}

alias：定义路径别名

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.duxiaoshai.com;
    root /home/web/html;
    index index.html;
    location /test1 {
        root /home/web;
    }
    location /test2 {
        alias /home/web/test1;
    }
}

location 的详细使用

匹配案例-精确匹配

location = /logo.png {  
root /webdata/nginx/duxiaoshai/images;
}

匹配案例-区分大小写

 location ~ /logo.PNG {  
 root /webdata/nginx/duxiaoshai/images;  
 }

匹配案例-不区分大小写

 location ~* /logo.PNG { 
 root /webdata/nginx/duxiaoshai/images; 
  }

匹配案例-文件名后缀

location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|tiff|tif|ico|wmf|js|css)$ {  
root /webdata/nginx/duxiaoshai/images;  index index.html; 
 }

匹配案例-URI开始

 location ^~ /images {  
 root /webdata/nginx/duxiaoshai/images;  
 index index.html;  
   }  
 }  
 location /images1 { 
  root /webdata/nginx/duxiaoshai/images;  
  }
  #返回内容一样

匹配案例-优先级

 location / {  
 root /webdata/nginx/duxiaoshai/html;  
 }  
 location ^~ /images {  
 root /webdata/nginx/duxiaoshai/images;  
 index index.html;  
 }  
 location /images1 {  
 root /webdata/nginx/duxiaoshai/images;  
 }  
 location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|tiff|tif|ico|wmf|js)$ {  
 root /data/nginx/static3;  
 index index.html;  
  }  
 } 
  #匹配优先级：=, ^~, ～/～*，/

Nginx 账户认证功能

[root@Nginx ~]# htpasswd  -cm /usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd admin  
  Adding password for user admin  
[root@Nginx ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd  admin:$apr1$haGCKgCT$myogggALmqNecTyNupsWQ/  
 [root@Nginx ~]# mkdir  /webdata/nginx/duxiaoshai/login  
 [root@Nginx ~]# echo login > /webdata/nginx/duxiaoshai/login/index.html  
 [root@Nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/vhosts.conf  
 server {  
 listen 80;  
 server_name duxiaoshai;  
 location /login {  
 root /webdata/nginx/duxiaoshai;  
 index index.html;  
 auth_basic  "login password";  
 auth_basic_user_file "/usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd";  
    }
 }
 

自定义错误页面

[root@nginx1 conf.d]# mkdir -p /data/web/errorpage
[root@nginx1 conf.d]# echo error page > /data/web/errorpage/40x.html
[root@nginx1 conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@nginx1 conf.d]# nginx -s reload
[root@nginx1 conf.d]# vim duxiaoshuai.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.duxiaoshai.com;
    root /home/web/html;
    index index.html;
    error_page 404 /40x.html;

    location /test1 {
        root /home/web;
    }
    location /test2 {
        alias /home/web/test1;
    }

    location = /40x.html {
        root /data/web/errorpage;
    }
}

自定义错误日志

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.duxiaoshai.com;
    root /home/web/html;
    index index.html;
    error_page 404 /40x.html;
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    location /test1 {
        root /home/web;
    }
    location /test2 {
        alias /home/web/test1;
    }

    location = /40x.html {
        root /data/web/errorpage;
    }
}

检测文件是否存在

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.duxiaoshai.com;
    root /home/web/html;
    index index.html;
    error_page 404 /40x.html;
  *  try_files $uri $uri.html $uri/index.html /error/default.html;

    location /test1 {
        root /home/web;
    }
    location /test2 {
        alias /home/web/test1;
    }

    location = /40x.html {
        root /data/web/errorpage;
    }
}
[root@nginx1 conf.d]# mkdir /home/web/html/error
[root@nginx1 conf.d]# echo "error default" > /home/web/html/error/default.html
[root@nginx1 conf.d]# curl 192.168.58.147
error default

长连接配置

keepalive_timeout timeout [header_timeout];     #设定保持连接超时时长，0表示禁止长连接， 默认为75s                                                 #通常配置在http字段作为站点全局配置 keepalive_requests 数字;                      #在一次长连接上所允许请求的资源的最大数量                                                 #默认为100次,建议适当调大,比如:500


    keepalive_timeout   65;
    keepalive_requests 2;
    
 测试：
 [root@nginx1 nginx]# curl -v 192.168.58.147 80
*   Trying 192.168.58.147:80...
* Connected to 192.168.58.147 (192.168.58.147) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: 192.168.58.147
> User-Agent: curl/7.79.1

[root@nginx1 nginx]# telnet 192.168.58.147 80
Trying 192.168.58.147...
Connected to 192.168.58.147.
Escape character is '^]'.
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.58.147

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.21.5
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2024 14:39:02 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 14
Last-Modified: Sat, 17 Aug 2024 14:23:40 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "66c0b26c-e"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

error default

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.58.147

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.21.5
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2024 14:39:30 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 14
Last-Modified: Sat, 17 Aug 2024 14:23:40 GMT
Connection: close
ETag: "66c0b26c-e"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

error default
#请求两次断开连接

作为下载服务器配置

   location /download {
        root  /home/web;
        autoindex on;                #自动索引功能 #
        autoindex_localtime on;  #计算文件确切大小（单位bytes），此为默认值,off只显示 大概大小（单位kb、mb、gb） 
        autoindex_exact_size off;      #on表示显示本机时间而非GMT(格林威治)时间,默为为off
        limit_rate 1024k;      #限速,默认不限速
    }