Spark SQL整合Hive

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-12 00:33:19 发布

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文章标签： spark sql hive

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_66301161/article/details/139762343

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Spark SQL整合Hive

Hive是一个基于Hadoop的数据仓库架构，使用SQL语句读、写和管理大型分布式数据集。Hive可以将SQL语句转化为MapReduce（或Apache Spark、Apache Tez）任务执行，大大降低了Hadoop的使用门槛，减少了开发MapReduce程序的时间成本。可以将Hive理解为一个客户端工具，它提供了一种类SQL查询语言，称为HiveQL。这使得Hive十分适合数据仓库的统计分析，能够轻松使用HiveQL开启数据仓库任务，如提取／转换／加载（ETL）、分析报告和数据分析。Hive不仅可以分析HDFS文件系统中的数据，也可以分析其他存储系统（例如HBase）中的数据。

Spark SQL与Hive整合后，可以在Spark SQL中使用HiveQL轻松操作数据仓库。与Hive不同的是，Hive的执行引擎为MapReduce，而Spark SQL的执行引擎为Spark RDD。

Spark SQL整合Hive的步骤

Spark SQL与Hive的整合分为三个步骤：

（1）将 $HIVE_HOME/conf中的hive-site.xml文件复制到$ SPARK_HOME/conf中，并添加“hive.metastore.schema.verification=false”和“datanucleus.schema.autoCreateAll=true”等属性，详细配置内容如下（可根据自己集群的情况修改相应的值）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?><!--
   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.
-->
<configuration>
    <!-- 数据库 start -->
    <property>
      <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
      <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spark_hive_meta?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&amp;useSSL=false</value>
      <description>mysql连接</description>
    </property>

    <property>
      <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
      <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
      <description>mysql驱动</description>
    </property>

    <property>
      <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
      <value>root</value>
      <description>数据库使用用户名</description>
    </property>

    <property>
      <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
      <value>123456</value>
      <description>数据库密码</description>
    </property>
    <!-- 数据库 end -->

    <property> 
      <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
      <value>/hive/warehouse</value>
      <description>hive使用的HDFS目录</description>
    </property>

    <property> 
      <name>hive.cli.print.current.db</name>
      <value>true</value>
    </property>
    <property>
      <name>hive.support.concurrency</name>
      <value>true</value>
      <description>开启Hive的并发模式</description>
    </property>
    <property>
      <name>hive.txn.manager</name>
      <value>org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.lockmgr.DbTxnManager</value>
      <description>用于并发控制的锁管理器类</description>
    </property>
    <property>
      <name>hive.server2.thrift.bind.host</name>
      <value>my2308-host</value>
      <description>hive开启的thriftServer地址</description>
    </property>

    <property>
      <name>hive.server2.thrift.port</name>
      <value>10000</value>
      <description>hive开启的thriftServer端口</description>
    </property>

    <property>
      <name>hive.server2.enable.doAs</name>
      <value>true</value>
    </property>

    <property>
       <name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>
       <value>false</value>
    </property>
    <property>
       <name>datanucleus.schema.autoCreateAll</name>
       <value>true</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

（2）在Spark配置文件spark-env.sh中指定Hadoop及其配置文件的主目录（根据自己的Hadoop安装目录修改）。

export HADOOP_HOME=/export/servers/hadoop-3.2.0
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop

(3) 将MySQL驱动JAR包复制到$SPARK_HOME/jars目录中（根据自己的目录复制）。

cp /export/servers/mysql-connector-java-5.1.40/mysql-connector-java-5.1.40-bin.jar /export/servers/spark/jars

Spark SQL操作Hive的几种方式

方式一：Spark SQL终端操作（以Spark Standalone模式为例）

spark-sql --master spark://192.168.121.131:7077

进入Spark SQL终端后，以HiveQL的方式操作

方式二：Spark Shell操作

spark-shell --master spark://192.168.121.131:7077

进入spark shell终端后，通过spark.sql(“HiveQL语句”)的方式操作

方式三：提交Spark SQL应用程序

在IDEA中编写Spark SQL操作Hive的应用程序，然后将编写好的应用程序打包为JAR，提交到Spark集群中运行，即可对Hive进行数据的读写与分析。

package spark.demo.sql
import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession
object SparkSQLHiveDemo {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
      // 创建SparkSession对象
      val spark = SparkSession.builder().appName("Spark Hive Demo").enableHiveSupport().getOrCreate()
      // 创建表students
      spark.sql("create table if not exists students(id int,name string,age int)row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'")
      // 导入数据到表students
      spark.sql("load data local inpath '/root/data/students.txt' into table students")
      // 查询表students的数据
      spark.sql("select * from students").show()
  }
}

打包程序，然后提交到Spark集群

spark-submit --class spark.demo.sql.SparkSQLHiveDemo SparkDemo-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

注：Maven项目的pom.xml配置（仅供参考）

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>SparkDemo</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <inceptionYear>2008</inceptionYear>

  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>scala-tools.org</id>
      <name>Scala-Tools Maven2 Repository</name>
      <url>http://scala-tools.org/repo-releases</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <id>scala-tools.org</id>
      <name>Scala-Tools Maven2 Repository</name>
      <url>http://scala-tools.org/repo-releases</url>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>

  <dependencies>
    <!--引入Scala依赖库-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.scala-lang</groupId>
      <artifactId>scala-library</artifactId>
      <version>2.12.7</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 引入Spark核心库 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
      <artifactId>spark-core_2.12</artifactId>
      <version>3.3.3</version>
    </dependency>
  <!-- 引入SparkSQL核心库 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>
        <artifactId>spark-sql_2.12</artifactId>
        <version>3.3.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.scala-tools/maven-scala-plugin -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.scala-tools</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-scala-plugin</artifactId>
      <version>2.12</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.maven.plugins/maven-eclipse-plugin -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
      <version>2.5.1</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <sourceDirectory>src/main/scala</sourceDirectory>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.scala-tools</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-scala-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.12</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <goals>
              <goal>compile</goal>
              <goal>testCompile</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <configuration>
          <scalaVersion>2.12.7</scalaVersion>
          <args>
            <arg>-target:jvm-1.5</arg>
          </args>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <downloadSources>true</downloadSources>
          <buildcommands>
            <buildcommand>ch.epfl.lamp.sdt.core.scalabuilder</buildcommand>
          </buildcommands>
          <additionalProjectnatures>
            <projectnature>ch.epfl.lamp.sdt.core.scalanature</projectnature>
          </additionalProjectnatures>
          <classpathContainers>
            <classpathContainer>org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER</classpathContainer>
            <classpathContainer>ch.epfl.lamp.sdt.launching.SCALA_CONTAINER</classpathContainer>
          </classpathContainers>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  <reporting>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.scala-tools</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-scala-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <scalaVersion>2.12.7</scalaVersion>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </reporting>
</project>