Python基础学习（函数、文件篇）

#  打开文件
a = input("请输入文件路径：")
# D:/学习/Crypto/test.txt(左手正斜杠)
# D:\学习\Crypto\test.txt(右手反斜杠)
# with open(r'D:/学习/Crypto/test.txt', mode='r') as f:
with open(a, mode='r') as f:
    b = f.read()  # 读文件并自动关闭
    c = b.lower()  # 转小写

#  统计单词
dict = {}
keys = c.split()  # 字典的键
print(keys)
for key in keys:  # 遍历列表
    if key in dict.keys():  # 值在字典中，加1
        dict[key] += 1  # dict[key] = dict[key]+1
    else:
        dict[key] = 1  # 值不在字典中，加入字典，value为1
# 字典元素的添加，字典名[键]=值
for word, count in dict.items():
    print(f'{word}: {count} 次')

# 法二：
# 调用函数
import string

def count_words(file_path):
    # 打开文件并读取内容
    with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        content = file.read()

    # 去除标点符号并转为小写
    content = content.translate(str.maketrans('', '', string.punctuation))
    content = content.lower()

    # 拆分单词
    words = content.split()

    # 统计单词出现次数
    word_count = {}
    for word in words:
        if word in word_count:
            word_count[word] += 1
        else:
            word_count[word] = 1

    return word_count

# 用你的文件路径替换 'your_file.txt'
file_path = input('your_file.txt:')
result = count_words(file_path)

# 打印结果
for word, count in result.items():
    print(f'{word}: {count} 次')

若用close()方法关闭文件：

file = open(file_path, mode='', encoding='')
# 对文件操作
file.close()

写正常路径时要注意转义，\t会被识别成横向制表符，因此要在前面加一个'\'，或在整个'路径'前加r（或R）使其成为原始字符串。

试了下，正斜杠路径无需转义b(￣▽￣)d，正斜杠路径多用于Linux系统中。

#  打开文件
# a = input("请输入文件路径：")
# D:/学习/Crypto/test.txt(左手正斜杠)
# D:\学习\Crypto\test.txt(右手反斜杠)
# with open('D:/学习/Crypto/test.txt', mode='r') as f:
f = open('D:\学习\Crypto\\test.txt', mode='r')
b = f.read()
c = b.lower()  # 转小写
f.close()
#  统计单词
dict = {}
keys = c.split()  # 字典的键
print(keys)
for key in keys:  # 遍历列表
    if key in dict.keys():  # 值在字典中，加1
        dict[key] += 1  # dict[key] = dict[key]+1
    else:
        dict[key] = 1  # 值不在字典中，加入字典，value为1
# 字典元素的添加，字典名[键]=值
for word, count in dict.items():
    print(f'{word}: {count} 次')

money = 5000000
name = None
name = input("你的姓名：")


def inquire(show_header):
    if show_header:
        print("----------查询----------")
    print(f"{name}，您好，您的余额为：{money}元")


def deposit(num):
    global money
    money += num
    print("----------存款----------")
    print(f"{name}，您好，您的存款金额为：{num}元")
    inquire(False)


def withdrawal(num):
    global money
    money -= num
    print("----------取款----------")
    print(f"{name}，您好，您的取款金额为：{num}元")
    inquire(False)


def main():
    print("---------主菜单---------")
    print(f"{name},您好，欢迎来到黑马银行ATM，请选择您需要进行的操作：")
    print("查询余额 \t\t【输入1】")
    print("存款\t\t\t【输入2】")
    print("取款\t\t\t【输入3】")
    print("退出\t\t\t【输入4】")
    return input("请输入您的选择")


while True:  #循环
    keyboard_input = main()
    if keyboard_input == "1":
        inquire(True)
        continue
    elif keyboard_input == "2":
        num = int(input(f"{name},请输入您的存款金额："))
        deposit(num)
        continue
    elif keyboard_input == "3":
        num = int(input(f"{name},请输入您的取款金额："))
        withdrawal(num)
        continue
    else:
        print("程序已退出")
        break