安卓开发中RecyclerView的使用

使用前提：

案例来自第一行代码第三版

在工程build.gradle工程模块中加入如下依赖：

dependencies {
...
    implementation("androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.3.2")
...
}

---

一、设置recyclerView控件

在activity_main中使用recyclerView

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/recyclerView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</LinearLayout>

---

 二、创建fruit_item布局（RecyclerView的子项布局）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="60dp">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/fruitImage"
            android:layout_width="40dp"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:layout_marginLeft="20dp"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/fruitName"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

---

三、创建适配Adapter 

适配器继承自RecyclerView.Adapter，并要将泛型指定为FruitAdapter.ViewHolder，

ViewHolder是在Adapter定义的一个内部类

//FruitAdapter的主构造函数要传入要展示的数据源
class FruitAdapter(val fruitList: List<Fruit>) :
    RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder>() {

    //ViewHolder的主构造函数中一般要传入RecyclerView的子项最外层布局
    inner class ViewHolder(view: View) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(view) {
        val fruitImage: ImageView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitImage)
        val fruitName: TextView = view.findViewById(R.id.fruitName)
    }

    //由于FruitAdapter是继承自RecyclerView.Adapter，所以下面三个方法必须要重写

    //创建ViewHolder实例：把子项布局加载进来，并把加载出来的布局传入构造函数中
    override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): ViewHolder {
        val view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.context).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item, parent, false)
        return  ViewHolder(view)
    }

    //用于对RecyclerView的子项数据进行赋值
    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: ViewHolder, position: Int) {
        // 从数据源获取当前位置的数据项
        //position 的值从 0 到 getItemCount() - 1。这是 RecyclerView 子项的可见范围
        val fruit = fruitList[position]
        holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.imageId)
        holder.fruitName.text = fruit.name
    }

    //返回数据源的长度
    override fun getItemCount() = fruitList.size

}

---

 四、使用RecyclerView

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    private val fruitList = ArrayList<Fruit>()
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
        // 初始化水果数据
        initFruits() 
        //创建一个LinearLayoutManagerr对象
        val layoutManager = LinearLayoutManagerr(this)
        //将LinearLayoutManagerr对象设置到RecyclerView中
        recyclerView.layoutManager = layoutManager
        //创建实例
        val adapter = FruitAdapter(fruitList)
        //完成适配器设置
        recyclerView.adapter = adapter
    }
    
    //设置初始化函数
    private fun initFruits() {
        repeat(2) {
            fruitList.add(Fruit("Apple"), R.drawable.apple_pic)
            fruitList.add(Fruit("Banana"), R.drawable.banana_pic)
            fruitList.add(Fruit("Orange"), R.drawable.orange_pic)
            fruitList.add(Fruit("Watermelon"), R.drawable.watermelon_pic)
            fruitList.add(Fruit("Pear"), R.drawable.pear_pic)
            fruitList.add(Fruit("Grape"), R.drawable.grape_pic)
            fruitList.add(Fruit("Pineapple"), R.drawable.pineapple_pic)
            fruitList.add(Fruit("Strawberry"), R.drawable.strawberry_pic)
            fruitList.add(Fruit("Cherry"), R.drawable.cherry_pic)
            fruitList.add(Fruit("Mango"), R.drawable.mango_pic)
        }
    }

  

}

五、运行结果