if语句:根据条件决定控制流
if语句:
if(condition)
statement
if else语句:
if(condition)
{statement1}
else
{statement2}
condition可以是一个表达式,也可以是一个初始化了的变量声明,其类型都可以转换成布尔类型,condition为真,则执行ststement
如:
a=5,b=2;
if(a) //等价于a!=0
x=a*10;
悬垂else:规定else与离它最近的尚未匹配的if匹配,要想使else分支和外层的if语句匹配,可以在内层if语句的两端加上{ },使其成为一个块
//计算三角形面积
double a, b, c;
cin >> a >> b >> c;
if (a + b > c && a + c > b && b + c > a) {
double s, t;
t = (a + b + c) / 2.0;
s = sqrt(t * (t - a) * (t - b) * (t - c));
cout << "area=" << s << endl;
}
else
cout << "error" << endl;
//判断是否为闰年
int year;
bool isLeapYear;
cout << "Enter the year:";
cin >> year;
isLeapYear = ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0));
if (isLeapYear)
cout << year << "is a leap year" << endl;
else
cout << year << "is not a leap year" << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
if的嵌套1:
if(表达式1) 语句1
else if(表达式2) 语句2
else if(表达式3) 语句3
else if(表达式n) 语句n
else 语句m
//输出成绩分类
int score;
cin >> score;
if (score >= 90) cout << "A" << endl;
else if (score >= 80) cout << "B" << endl;
else if (score >= 70) cout << "C" << endl;
else if (score >= 60) cout << "D" << endl;
else cout << "E" << endl;
if的嵌套2:
if(表达式1)
if(表达式2) 语句1
else 语句2
else
if(表达式3)语句3
else 语句4
/*计算分段函数
x-1,x<-3
y=9-x,-3<=x<=3
x+1,x>3*/
double x,y;
cin>>x;
if(x<-3.0) y=x-1.0
else
if(x>=-3.0&&x<=3.0)
y=9-x;
else y=x+1;