Linux调试器-gdb使用

目录

1、工具gdb的使用

2、gdb的常见使用命令

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1、工具gdb的使用

1、程序的发布方式有两种，debug模式和release模式
2、Linux gcc/g++出来的二进制程序，默认是release模式
3、要使用gdb调试，必须在源代码生成二进制程序的时候, 加上 -g 选项

2、gdb的常见使用命令

gdb的特点：gdb会记录最近一条命令，如果命令无变化，可以直接回车

gdb的使用命令

quit:退出gdb
r:开始调试，如果没有设置断点，就直接运行结束!b+行号:给特定的行号打断点
info b:查看断点(断点的编号)d 断点编号:删除断点
n:逐过程，相当于vs下的F10

s:逐语句，相当于vs下的F11
p变量名:打印变量内容s:逐语句，相当于vs下的F11
bt:查看当前的调用堆栈
finish:将当前函数跑完，就停下来

display:设置长显示
undisplay:取消长显示
until:跳转到指定行，不建议

c:运行至下一个断点处停下来!
disable/enable 断点的编号:使能(关闭和打开)断点

实际操作演示：

[@VM-8-12-centos ~]$ cd code1
[@VM-8-12-centos code1]$ vim Makefile

 

 创建Makefile文件，方便执行生成或删除可执行文件

[@VM-8-12-centos code1]$ touch mytest.c
[@VM-8-12-centos code1]$ vim mytest.c

 创建我的源文件，并写入举例的代码

[@VM-8-12-centos code1]$ make
gcc -o mytest mytest.c
[@VM-8-12-centos code1]$ ll
total 20
-rw-rw-r-- 1    75 Oct 27 11:49 Makefile
-rwxrwxr-x 1  8392 Oct 27 11:50 mytest
-rw-rw-r-- 1   234 Oct 27 11:50 mytest.c

生成可执行程序mytest

[@VM-8-12-centos code1]$ gdb mytest
(gdb) list
8	  for(i=0;i<=top;i++)
9	  {
10	    res +=i;
11	  }
12	  return res;
13	}
14	
15	int main()
16	{
17	  int top=100;
(gdb) l
18	
19	  int result=AddToTop(top);
20	
21	  printf("result:%d\n",result);
22	
23	  return 0;
24	}
(gdb) 
Line number 25 out of range; mytest.c has 24 lines.

gdb+可执行程序进入调试，命令list或简写l：显示代码

(gdb) b 18
Breakpoint 1 at 0x400571: file mytest.c, line 18.
(gdb) b 20
Breakpoint 2 at 0x40057e: file mytest.c, line 20.
(gdb) b 22
Breakpoint 3 at 0x400592: file mytest.c, line 22.
(gdb) info b
Num     Type           Disp Enb Address            What
1       breakpoint     keep y   0x0000000000400571 in main at mytest.c:18
2       breakpoint     keep y   0x000000000040057e in main at mytest.c:20
3       breakpoint     keep y   0x0000000000400592 in main at mytest.c:22

命令b+行数：在当前行设置代码；命令 info b：显示断点的信息

(gdb) d 1
(gdb) d 3
(gdb) d 2
(gdb) info b
No breakpoints or watchpoints.

命令 d+序数：删除该断点

(gdb) b 17
Breakpoint 4 at 0x40056a: file mytest.c, line 17.
(gdb) info b
Num     Type           Disp Enb Address            What
4       breakpoint     keep y   0x000000000040056a in main at mytest.c:17
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/xx/code1/mytest 

Breakpoint 4, main () at mytest.c:17
17	  int top=100;

17行设置断点，命令r：程序运行到断点处停下

(gdb) l
12	  return res;
13	}
14	
15	int main()
16	{
17	  int top=100;
18	
19	  int result=AddToTop(top);
20	
21	  printf("result:%d\n",result);
(gdb) 
22	
23	  return 0;
24	}
(gdb) n
19	  int result=AddToTop(top);
(gdb) s
AddToTop (top=100) at mytest.c:6
6	  int res=0;
(gdb) bt
#0  AddToTop (top=100) at mytest.c:6
#1  0x000000000040057b in main () at mytest.c:19
(gdb) n
7	  int i=0;
(gdb) n
8	  for(i=0;i<=top;i++)
(gdb) finish
Run till exit from #0  AddToTop (top=100) at mytest.c:8
0x000000000040057b in main () at mytest.c:19
19	  int result=AddToTop(top);
Value returned is $1 = 5050
(gdb) bt
#0  0x000000000040057b in main () at mytest.c:19
(gdb) quit

命令n：逐过程，相当于vs下的F10

命令s：逐语句，相当于VS下的F11

命令bt：显示当前栈堆

命令finish：将当前函数跑完，就停下来

命令quit：退出调试

[@VM-8-12-centos code1]$ gdb mytest
(gdb) b 19
Breakpoint 2 at 0x400571: file mytest.c, line 19.
(gdb) r
Breakpoint 2, main () at mytest.c:19
19	  int result=AddToTop(top);
(gdb) s
AddToTop (top=100) at mytest.c:6
6	  int res=0;
(gdb) n
7	  int i=0;
(gdb) n
8	  for(i=0;i<=top;i++)
(gdb) 
10	    res +=i;
(gdb) 
8	  for(i=0;i<=top;i++)
(gdb) 
10	    res +=i;
(gdb) display i
1: i = 1
(gdb) n
8	  for(i=0;i<=top;i++)
1: i = 1
(gdb) 
10	    res +=i;
1: i = 2
(gdb) display res
2: res = 1
(gdb) n
8	  for(i=0;i<=top;i++)
2: res = 3
1: i = 2
(gdb) 
10	    res +=i;
2: res = 3
1: i = 3
(gdb) undisplay 2
(gdb) n
8	  for(i=0;i<=top;i++)
1: i = 3
(gdb) 
10	    res +=i;
1: i = 4

display:设置长显示
undisplay:取消长显示

(gdb) until 12
AddToTop (top=100) at mytest.c:12
12	  return res;
1: i = 101
(gdb) p res
$1 = 5050
(gdb) bt
#0  AddToTop (top=100) at mytest.c:12
#1  0x000000000040057b in main () at mytest.c:19
(gdb) n
13	}
1: i = 101
(gdb) 
main () at mytest.c:21
21	  printf("result:%d\n",result);
(gdb) bt
#0  main () at mytest.c:21

until:跳转到指定行，不建议，即最好在函数内部进行跳转

(gdb) l
16	{
17	  int top=100;
18	
19	  int result=AddToTop(top);
20	
21	  printf("result:%d\n",result);
22	
23	  return 0;
24	}
(gdb) b 21
Breakpoint 3 at 0x40057e: file mytest.c, line 21.
(gdb) info b
Num     Type           Disp Enb Address            What
2       breakpoint     keep y   0x0000000000400571 in main at mytest.c:19
3       breakpoint     keep y   0x000000000040057e in main at mytest.c:21
(gdb) r

Breakpoint 2, main () at mytest.c:19
19	  int result=AddToTop(top);
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 3, main () at mytest.c:21
21	  printf("result:%d\n",result);

c:运行至下一个断点处停下来!

(gdb) disable 2
(gdb) info b
Num     Type           Disp Enb Address            What
2       breakpoint     keep n   0x0000000000400571 in main at mytest.c:19
3       breakpoint     keep y   0x000000000040057e in main at mytest.c:21
(gdb) enable 2
(gdb) info b
Num     Type           Disp Enb Address            What
2       breakpoint     keep y   0x0000000000400571 in main at mytest.c:19
3       breakpoint     keep y   0x000000000040057e in main at mytest.c:21

disable/enable 断点的编号:使能(关闭和打开)断点