贪吃蛇小游戏的实现代码

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已于 2024-07-18 15:41:46 修改

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文章标签： c++ c语言开发语言算法数据结构

于 2024-07-04 17:09:37 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_68142120/article/details/140184548

版权

一. 头文件

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<Windows.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
#include<locale.h>
#include<time.h>
#define Pos_x 24
#define Pos_y 5
#define WALL L'□'

#define KEY_PRESS(vk) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk)&1)?1:0)//判断按键是按过还是没按过
//蛇的方向
enum DIRECTION
{
   UP = 1,
   DOWN,
   LEFT,
   RIGHT
};

//蛇的状态
//正常，撞墙，撞到自己，正常退出
enum STATUS
{
   OK,//正常，继续游戏
   KILL_BY_WALL,//撞墙
   KILL_BY_SELF,//撞到自己
   END_NORMAL//正常退出
};

//蛇身的节点类型
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
   //坐标
   int x;
   int y;
   //指向下一个节点的指针
   struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode, * pSnakeNode;

//贪吃蛇
typedef struct Snake
{
   pSnakeNode _pSnake;//指向蛇头的指针
   pSnakeNode _pFood;//指向食物节点的指针
   enum DIRECTION _dir;//蛇的方向
   enum STATUS _status;//游戏的状态

   int _food_weight;//一个食物的分数
   int _score;//总成绩
   int _sleep_time;//休息时间，时间越短,速度越快，时间越长，速度越慢
}Snake, * pSnake;

//函数的声明

//定位光标位置

void SetPos(short x, short y);

//游戏的初始化
void GameStart(pSnake snake);

//欢迎界面的打印
void Welcome();

//创建地图
void CreateMap();

//初始化蛇身
void InitSnake(pSnake ps);

//创建食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps);

//打印帮助信息
void PrintHelpInfo();

//查看节点是否是食物
int JubgeNextIsFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps);

//游戏运行时的逻辑
void GameRun(pSnake ps);

//游戏结束的处理
void GameEnd(pSnake ps);

//检测蛇是否撞到墙
void KillWall(pSnake ps);

//检测蛇是否撞到自己
void KillSelf(pSnake ps);

二. 实现蛇功能

#include"snake.h"
void SetPos(short x, short y)
{
   //获得标准输出设备的句柄
   HANDLE houtput = NULL;
   houtput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
   //定位光标的位置
   COORD pos = { x,y };

   SetConsoleCursorPosition(houtput, pos);
   //设置指定控制台屏幕缓冲区中光标的位置
   //参数：1. 控制台屏幕缓冲区的句柄
   //2. 指定新光标的位置的 COORD结构
}
int JubgeNextIsFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)//判断下个节点是否是食物
{
   if (ps->_pFood->x == pn->x && ps->_pFood->y == pn->y)
       return 1;
   else
       return 0;
}
void EatFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
   //头插法
   ps->_pFood->next = ps->_pSnake;//将食物的下一个变为头
   ps->_pSnake = ps->_pFood;//将食物定义为头

   free(pn);//不需要pn记录头的位置了，就销毁
   pn = NULL;

   //打印蛇身
   pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
   SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
   wprintf(L"%lc", L'◆');
   cur = cur->next;
   while (cur)
   {
       SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
       wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
       cur = cur->next;
   }
   ps->_score += ps->_food_weight;

   //重新创建食物
   CreateFood(ps);//因为从thc.h里已经声明了，所以不用再上面声明
}
void NoFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
   pn->next = ps->_pSnake;//下一步的位置之后链接上头结点
   ps->_pSnake = pn;//将头变为下一步的位置

   pSnakeNode cur = pn->next, qrev = pn;

   while (cur->next)
   {
       cur = cur->next;
       qrev = qrev->next;
   }
   SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
   printf(" ");
   free(cur);
   cur = NULL;
   qrev->next = NULL;

   //打印蛇身
   cur = ps->_pSnake;
   SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
   wprintf(L"%lc", L'◆');
   cur = cur->next;
   while (cur)
   {
       SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
       wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
       cur = cur->next;
   }
}
void Pause()//暂停函数
{
   while (1)//无限暂停直到再按一次空格键
   {
       Sleep(200);
       if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
       {
           break;
       }
   }
}
void KillWall(pSnake ps)
{
   if (ps->_pSnake->x == 0 || ps->_pSnake->x == 56 || ps->_pSnake->y == 0 || ps->_pSnake->y == 26)
   {
       ps->_status = KILL_BY_WALL;
   }
}
void KillSelf(pSnake ps)
{
   pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake->next;
   while (cur)
   {
       if (cur->x == ps->_pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->_pSnake->y)
       {
           ps->_status = KILL_BY_SELF;
           break;
       }
       cur = cur->next;
   }
}

void Welcome()
{
   SetPos(40, 14);
   wprintf(L"欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏\n");

   SetPos(42, 20);
   system("pause");//暂停
   system("cls");//清空屏幕

   SetPos(25, 14);
   wprintf(L"用↑↓←→来操控蛇的移动方向，按F3加速，按F4减速\n");

   SetPos(25, 15);
   wprintf(L"加速能得到更高的分数\n");

   SetPos(42, 20);
   system("pause");
   system("cls");
}

//蛇的移动
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
   SnakeNode* pNextNode = (SnakeNode*)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
   if (pNextNode == NULL)
   {
       perror("SnakeMove()::malloc()");
       return;
   }
   switch (ps->_dir)
   {
   case UP:
       pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;
       pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y - 1;
       break;
   case DOWN:
       pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;
       pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y + 1;
       break;

   case RIGHT:
       pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x + 2;
       pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;
       break;
   case LEFT:

       pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x - 2;
       pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;
       break;
   }
   if (JubgeNextIsFood(pNextNode, ps))//检测下一个坐标是否是食物
   {
       EatFood(pNextNode, ps);//第一个参数记录头的位置，要在函数里销毁
   }
   else
   {
       NoFood(pNextNode, ps);
   }
   //撞墙死亡
   KillWall(ps);
   //撞到自己死亡
   KillSelf(ps);
}

void CreateMap()//创造墙
{
   //上
   for (int i = 0; i < 29; i++)
       wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
   //下
   SetPos(0, 26);
   for (int i = 0; i < 29; i++)
       wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
   //左

   for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
   {
       SetPos(0, i);
       wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
   }
   //右
   for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
   {
       SetPos(56, i);
       wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
   }
   //getchar();
}

void InitSnake(pSnake ps)//初始化蛇
{
   int i = 0;
   pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
   for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
   {
       cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
       if (cur == NULL)
       {
           perror("InitSnake()::malloc()");
           return;
       }
       cur->next = NULL;
       cur->x = Pos_x + 2 * i;
       cur->y = Pos_y;

       //头插法插入链表
       if (ps->_pSnake == NULL)//空链表
       {
           ps->_pSnake = cur;
       }
       else //非空
       {
           cur->next = ps->_pSnake;
           ps->_pSnake = cur;
       }
   }
   cur = ps->_pSnake;
   SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
   wprintf(L"%lc", L'◆');
   cur = cur->next;
   int tmp = 0;

   while (cur)
   {
       tmp++;
       SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
       wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
       cur = cur->next;
   }
   //printf("%d", tmp);
   //设置贪吃蛇的属性
   ps->_dir = RIGHT;//默认向右
   ps->_score = 0;//总成绩初始为0
   ps->_food_weight = 10;//食物的奖励分数
   ps->_sleep_time = 200;//蛇多久动一次，单位是毫秒
   ps->_status = OK;//蛇的状态是正常的
}

void CreateFood(pSnake ps)//随机生成食物
{
   int x = 0;
   int y = 0;

   //生成x是2的倍数
   //x: 2至54
   //y: 1至25
again:
   do
   {
       x = rand() % 53 + 2;
       y = rand() % 25 + 1;

   } while (x % 2 != 0);
   //x和y的坐标不能和蛇的身体坐标冲突
   pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
   while (cur)
   {
       if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y)
       {
           goto again;//如果食物和蛇身重叠就返回重新生成食物
       }
       cur = cur->next;
   }
   //创建食物的节点
   pSnakeNode pfood = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
   if (pfood == NULL)
   {
       perror("CreateFood()::malloc()");
       return;
   }

   pfood->x = x;
   pfood->y = y;
   pfood->next = NULL;
   SetPos(x, y);//定位食物位置
   wprintf(L"%lc", L'★');

   ps->_pFood = pfood;

}

void PrintHelpInfo()
{
   SetPos(64, 10);
   wprintf(L"%ls", L"不能穿墙，不能咬到自己");
   SetPos(64, 11);
   wprintf(L"%ls", L"用↑↓←→来控制蛇");
   SetPos(64, 12);
   wprintf(L"%ls", L"按F5加速，F6减速");
   SetPos(64, 13);
   wprintf(L"%ls", L"按ESC退出游戏，空格暂停游戏");
}
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
   //打印帮助信息
   PrintHelpInfo();
   do
   {
       //打印总分数和食物的分值
       SetPos(64, 10);
       printf("总分数:%d\n", ps->_score);//总分数
       SetPos(64, 11);
       printf("当前食物的分值:%2d\n", ps->_food_weight);//食物的分值,%2d防止分数减少后面的0不去除

       //蛇只能向当前方向的左右转向，不能朝后转向
       if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->_dir != DOWN)//
       {
           ps->_dir = UP;
       }
       else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->_dir != UP)
       {
           ps->_dir = DOWN;
       }
       else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->_dir != RIGHT)
       {
           ps->_dir = LEFT;
       }
       else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->_dir != LEFT)
       {
           ps->_dir = RIGHT;
       }
       else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
       {
           Pause();
       }
       else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
       {
           ps->_status = END_NORMAL;//游戏状态设置为退出
       }
       else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F5))//加速
       {
           if (ps->_sleep_time > 80)
           {
               ps->_sleep_time -= 30;
               ps->_food_weight += 2;//速度增加食物分数增加
           }
       }
       else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F6))//减速
       {
           if (ps->_sleep_time < 320)
           {
               ps->_sleep_time += 30;
               ps->_food_weight -= 2;
           }
       }

       SnakeMove(ps);//蛇的移动

       Sleep(ps->_sleep_time);

   } while (ps->_status == OK);

}
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
   SetPos(60, 5);
   switch (ps->_status)
   {
   case END_NORMAL:
       printf("主动退出游戏\n");
       break;
   case KILL_BY_WALL:
       printf("撞到墙啦o(╥﹏╥)o\n");
       break;
   case KILL_BY_SELF:
       printf("撞到自己啦┭┮﹏┭┮\n");
       break;
   }
   //释放蛇身的链表
   pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
   while (cur)
   {
       pSnakeNode tmp = cur;
       cur = cur->next;
       free(tmp);
       tmp = NULL;
   }

}

void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
   //0. 设置窗口大小，隐藏光标
   system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
   system("title 贪吃蛇");
   HANDLE houtput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
   //隐藏光标操作
   CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
   GetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo);//获取控制台光标状态
   CursorInfo.bVisible = false;//隐藏控制台光标
   SetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo);//设置控制台光标状态

   //1. 打印环境界面
   Welcome();
   //2. 绘制地图
   CreateMap();
   //3. 创建蛇
   InitSnake(ps);
   //4. 创建食物
   CreateFood(ps);
}

三. 测试游戏文件

#include"snake.h"

//完成游戏测试逻辑
void test()
{
	int f = 1;
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	
	do
	{
		system("cls");
		//创建贪吃蛇
		Snake  snake = { 0 };

		//初始化游戏
		GameStart(&snake);
		//玩游戏
		GameRun(&snake);
		//结束游戏
		GameEnd(&snake);
		system("cls");
		SetPos(35, 14);
		printf("是否再来一局(Y/N):");
		while(1)
		{
			if (KEY_PRESS(78))
			{
				f = 0;
				break;
			}
			if (KEY_PRESS(89))
			{
				break;
			}
		}
	} while (f);
	SetPos(0, 27);//结束游戏的文字打印到下方
}

int main()
{
	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
	test();
	return 0;
}

我好水............