QT基础之【QDialog】对话框类详解，示例源码

标准基本对话框应用

通过一个实例来介绍Qt5中对于各类对话框的应用。这个实例中具有以下这几种QT的标准对话框：

标准文件对话框（QFileDialog）
标准颜色对话框（QColorDialog）
标准字体对话框（QFontDialog）
标准输入对话框（QInputDialog）
标准消息对话框（QMessageBox）

效果展示

各种基本对话框都是通过调用各自不同的静态函数来完成其功能。具体如下：

类	类说明	静态函数	函数说明
QFileDialog类	标准文件对话框	getOpenFileName	获得用户选择的文件名
–	–	getSaveFileName	获得用户保存的文件名
–	–	getExistingDirectory	获得用户选择的已存在的目录名
–	–	getOpenFileNames	获得用户选择的文件名列表
QColorDialog类	标准颜色对话框	getColor	获得用户选择的颜色值
QFontDialog类	标准字体对话框	getFont	获得用户选择的字体
QInputDialog类	标准输入对话框	getText	标准字符串输入对话框
–	–	getItem	下拉表条目输入框
–	–	getInt	int类型数据输入对话框
–	–	getDouble	double类型数据输入对话框
QMessageBox类	消息对话框	QMessageBox::question	question消息框
–	–	QMessageBox::information	information消息框
–	–	QMessageBox::warning	warning消息框
–	–	QMessageBox::critical	critical消息框
–	–	QMessageBox::about	about消息框
–	–	QMessageBox::aboutQt	about Qt消息框

函数详细介绍看Qt帮助文档

源码如下

文件分组

dialog.h

主界面头文件以及信号槽的定义

#ifndef DIALOG_H
#define DIALOG_H
#include <QDialog>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QGridLayout>
#include "inputdialog.h"
#include "msgboxdlg.h"

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class Dialog; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class Dialog : public QDialog
{
    Q_OBJECT

private:
    QLineEdit* filePathEdit;
    QPushButton* fileBtn;
    QPushButton* colorBtn;
    QGridLayout* mainLayout;
    QFrame* colorFrame;

    QPushButton* fontBtn;
    QLineEdit* fontLineEdit;

    QPushButton* inputBtn;
    QPushButton* infoBtn;

    InputDlog* indialog;
    MsgBoxDlg* msgbox;
    QPushButton* customBtn;
    QLabel* label;

private slots:
    void showFile();
    void showcolor();
    void showfont();
    void showInput();
    void showMsgBox();
    void showCustom();
public:
    Dialog(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Dialog();

private:
    Ui::Dialog *ui;
};
#endif // DIALOG_H

dialog.cpp文件

界面的基本布局

#include "dialog.h"
#include "ui_dialog.h"
#include "inputdialog.h"
#include <QColorDialog>
#include <QFileDialog>
#include <QFontDialog>

Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent)
    : QDialog(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::Dialog)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    setWindowTitle("各种标准对话框示例");

    fileBtn = new QPushButton("文件标准对话框实例");
    filePathEdit = new QLineEdit;
    mainLayout = new QGridLayout(this);
    mainLayout->addWidget(fileBtn,0,0);
    mainLayout->addWidget(filePathEdit,0,1);
    connect(fileBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&Dialog::showFile);

    colorBtn = new QPushButton("颜色标准对话框实例");
    colorFrame = new QFrame;
    colorFrame->setFrameShape(QFrame::StyledPanel);//设置框架的形状
    colorFrame->setAutoFillBackground(true);//启用背景颜色填充
    mainLayout->addWidget(colorBtn,1,0);
    mainLayout->addWidget(colorFrame,1,1);
    connect(colorBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&Dialog::showcolor);

    //标准字体对话框
    fontBtn = new QPushButton("标准字体对话框");
    fontLineEdit = new QLineEdit("Welcome");
    mainLayout->addWidget(fontBtn,2,0);
    mainLayout->addWidget(fontLineEdit,2,1);
    connect(fontBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&Dialog::showfont);

    //标准输入对话框/标准消息对话框
    inputBtn = new QPushButton("标准输入对话框");
    infoBtn = new QPushButton("标准消息对话框");
    mainLayout->addWidget(inputBtn,3,0);
    mainLayout->addWidget(infoBtn,3,1);
    connect(inputBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&Dialog::showInput);
    connect(infoBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&Dialog::showMsgBox);

    //用户自定义对话框
    customBtn = new QPushButton("用户自定义对话框实例");
    label = new QLabel;
    label->setFrameStyle(QFrame::Panel | QFrame::Sunken);
    mainLayout->addWidget(customBtn,4,0);
    mainLayout->addWidget(label,4,1);
   connect(customBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&Dialog::showCustom);

}
void Dialog::showFile()
{
    QString s = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this,"opne file dialog","/","(*.txt *.cpp *.h)");
    filePathEdit->setText(s);
}

void Dialog::showcolor()
{
    //获取颜色对话框，初始颜色问red 返回为获取到的颜色Qcolor
    QColor c = QColorDialog::getColor(Qt::red);
    if(c.isValid())//颜色有效返回ture否则返回false
    {
        colorFrame->setPalette(c);
    }
}

void Dialog::showfont()
{
    bool ok;
    QFont f = QFontDialog::getFont(&ok);
    if(ok){
        fontLineEdit->setFont(f);
    }
}

void Dialog::showInput()
{
   indialog = new InputDlog();
   indialog->show();

}

void Dialog::showMsgBox()
{
    msgbox = new MsgBoxDlg();
    msgbox->show();
}

void Dialog::showCustom()
{
    QMessageBox customBox;
    customBox.setWindowTitle("用户自定义消息框");
    QPushButton* YesBtn = customBox.addButton("Yes",QMessageBox::ActionRole);
    QPushButton* NoBtn = customBox.addButton("No",QMessageBox::ActionRole);
    QPushButton* CancelBtn = customBox.addButton(QMessageBox::Cancel);
    customBox.setText("这是进击着周星星");
    customBox.setIconPixmap(QPixmap("QT.png"));
    customBox.exec();//事件循环  显示此消息框
    if(customBox.clickedButton() == YesBtn)
    {
        label->setText("Custom Message Yes");
    }

    if(customBox.clickedButton() == NoBtn)
    {
        label->setText("Custom Message NO");
    }
    if(customBox.clickedButton() == CancelBtn)
    {
        label->setText("Custom Message cancelBtn");
    }
}
Dialog::~Dialog()
{
    delete ui;
}

输入对话框

基本布局以及事件绑定

对应的头文件inputdialog.h

#ifndef INPUTDIALOG_H
#define INPUTDIALOG_H

#include <QPushButton>
#include <QLabel>

#include <QGridLayout>
#include <QDialog>

class InputDlog : public QDialog
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    InputDlog(QWidget* parent = 0);

private slots:
    void changeName();
    void changeSex();
    void changeAge();
    void changeScore();

private:
    QLabel* nameLabel;
    QLabel* sexLabel;
    QLabel* ageLabel;
    QLabel* scoreLabel;
    QLabel* nameLabel1;
    QLabel* sexLabel1;
    QLabel* ageLabel1;
    QLabel* scoreLabel1;
    QLabel* nameLabel2;
    QPushButton* nameBtn;
    QPushButton* sexBtn;
    QPushButton* ageBtn;
    QPushButton* scoreBtn;
};
#endif // INPUTDIALOG_H

对应的cpp文件inputdialog.cpp

#include "inputdialog.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QInputDialog>
#include <QString>

InputDlog::InputDlog(QWidget* parent):QDialog(parent)
{
    setWindowTitle("标准输入框实例");

    nameLabel = new QLabel("姓名");
    nameLabel1 = new QLabel("李四");
//    nameLabel1->setText(tr("李四"));
    nameLabel1->setFrameStyle(QFrame::Panel | QFrame::Sunken);
    nameBtn = new QPushButton("修改姓名");

    sexLabel = new QLabel("性别");
    sexLabel1 = new QLabel("男");
    sexLabel1->setFrameStyle(QFrame::Panel | QFrame::Sunken);
    sexBtn = new QPushButton("修改性别");

    ageLabel = new QLabel("年龄");
    ageLabel1 = new QLabel("25");
    ageLabel1->setFrameStyle(QFrame::Panel | QFrame::Sunken);
    ageBtn = new QPushButton("修改年龄");

    scoreLabel = new QLabel("分数");
    scoreLabel1 = new QLabel("59");
    scoreLabel1->setFrameStyle(QFrame::Panel | QFrame::Sunken);
    scoreBtn = new QPushButton("修改分数");

    QGridLayout *mainLayout = new QGridLayout(this);
    mainLayout->addWidget(nameLabel,0,0);
    mainLayout->addWidget(nameLabel1,0,1);
    mainLayout->addWidget(nameBtn,0,2);

    mainLayout->addWidget(sexLabel,1,0);
    mainLayout->addWidget(sexLabel1,1,1);
    mainLayout->addWidget(sexBtn,1,2);

    mainLayout->addWidget(ageLabel,2,0);
    mainLayout->addWidget(ageLabel1,2,1);
    mainLayout->addWidget(ageBtn,2,2);

    mainLayout->addWidget(scoreLabel,3,0);
    mainLayout->addWidget(scoreLabel1,3,1);
    mainLayout->addWidget(scoreBtn,3,2);

    mainLayout->setMargin(15);//设置控件之间的间距
    mainLayout->setSpacing(10);//水平垂直间距

    connect(nameBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&InputDlog::changeName);
    connect(sexBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&InputDlog::changeSex);
    connect(ageBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&InputDlog::changeAge);
    connect(scoreBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&InputDlog::changeScore);
}

void InputDlog::changeName()
{
    bool ok;
    QString text = QInputDialog::getText(this,tr("标准字符串输入对话框"),
                                         tr("请输入姓名："),
                                         QLineEdit::Normal,
                                         nameLabel1->text(),
                                         &ok);
    if(ok && !text.isEmpty())
    {
        nameLabel1->setText(text);
    }

}

void InputDlog::changeSex()
{
    QStringList SexItems;
    SexItems<<tr("男")<<tr("女");
    bool ok;
    QString SexItem = QInputDialog::getItem(this,tr("标准条目对话框"),
                                            "请选择性别：",
                                            SexItems,0,false,&ok);

    if(ok && !SexItem.isEmpty())
    {
        sexLabel1->setText(SexItem);
    }

}

void InputDlog::changeAge()
{
    bool ok;
    int age = QInputDialog::getInt(this,"年龄修改对话框",
                                   "请输入年龄：",
                                   ageLabel1->text().toInt(&ok),
                                   0,100,1,&ok);

    if(ok){
        ageLabel1->setText(QString(tr("%1").arg(age)));
    }
}

void InputDlog::changeScore()
{
    bool ok;
    double score = QInputDialog::getDouble(this,tr("标准double类型输入对话框"),
                                           "请输入成绩：",
                                           scoreLabel1->text().toDouble(&ok),
                                           0,100,1,&ok);
    if(ok){
       scoreLabel1->setText(QString(tr("%1")).arg(score));
    }
}

标准消息对话框

标准消息对话框事件绑定以及基本布局

MsgBoxDlg.h

#ifndef MSGBOXDLG_H
#define MSGBOXDLG_H
#include <QDialog>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QGridLayout>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QMessageBox>

class MsgBoxDlg : public QDialog
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    MsgBoxDlg();
private:
    QLabel* infoText;
    QPushButton* questionBtn;
    QPushButton* infomationBtn;
    QPushButton* warningBtn;
    QPushButton* GriticalBtn;
    QPushButton* aboutBtn;
    QPushButton* aboutQtBtn;
    QGridLayout* infomationLayout;

    QPushButton* CustomBtn;
    QLabel* label;

private slots:
    void showQuestionMgs();
    void showInfomationMgs();
    void showWarningMgs();
    void showgriticalMgs();
    void showaboutMgs();
    void showaboutQtMgs();
};
#endif // MSGBOXDLG_H

MsgBoxDlg.cpp

#include "msgboxdlg.h"

#include <qmessagebox.h>

MsgBoxDlg::MsgBoxDlg()
{
    setWindowTitle(tr("标准消息对话框实例"));

    infoText = new QLabel("请选择一种消息框");
    questionBtn = new QPushButton("questionMsg");
    infomationBtn = new QPushButton("infomationMsg");
    warningBtn = new QPushButton("warningMgs");
    GriticalBtn = new QPushButton("GriticalMsg");
    aboutBtn = new QPushButton("aboutMsg");
    aboutQtBtn = new QPushButton("aboutRtMsg");
    infomationLayout = new QGridLayout(this);
    infomationLayout->addWidget(infoText,0,0);
    infomationLayout->addWidget(questionBtn,1,0);
    infomationLayout->addWidget(infomationBtn,1,1);
    infomationLayout->addWidget(warningBtn,2,0);
    infomationLayout->addWidget(GriticalBtn,2,1);
    infomationLayout->addWidget(aboutBtn,3,0);
    infomationLayout->addWidget(aboutQtBtn,3,1);

    //绑定事件
    connect(questionBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&MsgBoxDlg::showQuestionMgs);
    connect(infomationBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&MsgBoxDlg::showInfomationMgs);
    connect(warningBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&MsgBoxDlg::showWarningMgs);
    connect(GriticalBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&MsgBoxDlg::showgriticalMgs);
    connect(aboutBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&MsgBoxDlg::showaboutMgs);
    connect(aboutQtBtn,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&MsgBoxDlg::showaboutQtMgs);



}

void MsgBoxDlg::showQuestionMgs()
{
    switch (QMessageBox::question(this,"questio消息框","修改完成是否结束？",
                                  QMessageBox::Ok | QMessageBox::Cancel,
                                  QMessageBox::Ok)) {
            case QMessageBox::Ok:infoText->setText(tr("question btn/ok"));break;
            case QMessageBox::Cancel:infoText->setText("queston btn/cancel");break;
    default:break;
    }
    return;
}


void MsgBoxDlg::showInfomationMgs()
{

    QMessageBox:: StandardButton result = QMessageBox::information(this,"infonmation消息框","come on come on!",
                            QMessageBox::Ok,
                            QMessageBox::Ok);
    if(QMessageBox::Ok == result)
    {
        infoText->setText("infomation  /OK");
    }

    return;
}

void MsgBoxDlg::showWarningMgs()
{
    switch (QMessageBox::warning(this,"questio消息框",
                                 "是否保存？",
                                  QMessageBox::Discard | QMessageBox::Save,
                                  QMessageBox::Cancel,QMessageBox::Save)) {

            case QMessageBox::Discard:infoText->setText(tr("question btn/discard"));break;
            case QMessageBox::Cancel:infoText->setText("queston btn/cancel");break;
            case QMessageBox::Save:infoText->setText("queston btn/Save");break;
    default:break;
    }
    return;
}

void MsgBoxDlg::showgriticalMgs()
{
    QMessageBox::critical(this,tr("critical消息框"),"这是一个测试！");
    return;
}

void MsgBoxDlg::showaboutMgs()
{
    QMessageBox::about(this,tr("about消息框"),"这是一个测试about！");
    return;
}

void MsgBoxDlg::showaboutQtMgs()
{
    QMessageBox::aboutQt(this,"这是一个测试about QT！");
    return;
}

总结

基本对话框属于QT最基本是比较容易的功能，也是比较常用的，建议熟练掌握，各个静态函数的参数大同小异，可以参考QT帮助文档。